Medial pterygoid muscle

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medial pterygoid
The Pterygoidei; the zygomatic arch and a portion of the ramus of the mandible have been removed. (Internus is visible at center bottom.)
The otic ganglion and its branches. (Pterygoideus internus labeled at bottom right.)
Latin	musculus pterygoideus medialis, musculus pterygoideus internus
Gray's	subject #109 387
Origin:	deep head: medial side of lateral pterygoid plate behind the upper teeth superficial head: pyramidal process of palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity
Insertion:	medial angle of the mandible
Artery:	pterygoid branches of maxillary artery
Nerve:	mandibular nerve via nerve to medial pterygoid
Action:	elevates mandible, closes jaw, helps lateral pterygoids in moving the jaw from side to side
MeSH	Pterygoid+Muscles
Dorlands/Elsevier	m_22/12550302

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Overview

The medial pterygoid (or internal pterygoid muscle), is a thick, quadrilateral muscle of mastication.

The mandibular branch of the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve, innervates the medial pterygoid muscle.

Origin and insertion

It consists of two heads.

• The bulk of the muscle arises as a deep head from the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate.
• The smaller, superficial head originates from the maxillary tuberosity and the pyramidal process of the palatine bone.

Its fibers pass downward, lateral, and posterior, and are inserted, by a strong tendinous lamina, into the lower and back part of the medial surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible, as high as the mandibular foramen. The insertion joins the masseter muscle to form a common tendinous sling which allows the medial pterygoid and masseter to be powerful elevators of the jaw.

As stated by one Dr. Anderson of UDMSD, the medial pterygoid goes from the canoe to the rough water. (The canoe is the depression created by the medial and lateral plates of pterygoid process, and rough water is the rough attachment surface on the medial aspect of the angle of the mandible.)

Innervation

Like the lateral pterygoid, and all other muscles of mastication, the medial pterygoid is innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (V3).

Actions

It closes the jaw and help in mastication along with lateral pterygoid in side to side movement of jaw and protrusion. It elevates the jaw, and in some aspect pulls it forward.

Also it elevates mandible.

Additional images

Left palatine bone. Posterior aspect. Enlarged.	Mandible. Inner surface. Side view.	Plan of branches of internal maxillary artery.	Distribution of the maxillary and mandibular nerves, and the submaxillary ganglion.
Mandibular division of trifacial nerve, seen from the middle line.	Muscles of the pharynx, viewed from behind, together with the associated vessels and nerves.

External links

• LUC mpte
• -1483079600 at GPnotebook
• Mnemonic at medicalmnemonics.com 70
• Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, at Elsevier 25420.000-1

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.

v • d • e List of muscles of head and neck: the head
Extraocular (CN III, IV, VI)	oblique (inferior, superior) - rectus (superior, inferior, medial, lateral) - levator palpebrae superioris (superior tarsal)
Mastication (CN V3)	masseter - temporalis - pterygoid (lateral, medial)
Facial (CN VII)	Ear auriculares (anterior, superior, posterior) - temporoparietalis Scalp/eyelid occipitofrontalis (occipitalis, frontalis) - orbicularis oculi (depressor supercilii) - corrugator supercilii Nose procerus - nasalis (dilatator naris) - depressor septi nasi - levator labii superioris alaeque nasi Mouth levator anguli oris - levator labii superioris - zygomaticus (major, minor) orbicularis oris - risorius - buccinator depressor anguli oris - depressor labii inferioris - mentalis
Mouth/throat (CN IX, X, XI) (except TVP=V3)	Soft palate veli palatini (tensor, levator) - musculus uvulae - palatopharyngeus (to pharnyx) - palatoglossus (to tongue) Pharynx pharyngeal constrictor (superior, middle, inferior) - longitudinal (stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus) Larynx cricothyroid - cricoarytenoid (posterior, lateral) - arytenoid (oblique arytenoid/aryepiglottic, transverse arytenoid) - thyroarytenoid (vocal, thyroepiglottic)
Tongue (CN XII)	extrinsic (genioglossus, hyoglossus/chondroglossus, styloglossus) - intrinsic (superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse, vertical)

de:Musculus pterygoideus medialisit:Muscolo pterigoideo interno

hu:Musculus pterygoideus medialissr:Унутрашњи криласти мишић