Malleus

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Bone: Malleus
Left malleus. A. From behind. B. From within.
The right membrana tympani with the hammer and the chorda tympani, viewed from within, from behind, and from above. (Malleus visible at center.)
Malleus Tensor Tympani Incus Stapedius Labyrinth Stapes Auditory Canal Tympanic Membrane (Ear Drum) Eustachian Tube Tympanic cavity
Bones and muscles in the tympanic cavity in the middle ear
Gray's	subject #231 1044
Precursor	1st branchial arch[1]
MeSH	Malleus

WikiDoc Resources for Malleus
Articles
Most recent articles on Malleus Most cited articles on Malleus Review articles on Malleus Articles on Malleus in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Malleus Images of Malleus Photos of Malleus Podcasts & MP3s on Malleus Videos on Malleus
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Malleus Bandolier on Malleus TRIP on Malleus
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Malleus at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Malleus Clinical Trials on Malleus at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Malleus NICE Guidance on Malleus NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Malleus CDC on Malleus
Books
Books on Malleus
News
Malleus in the news Be alerted to news on Malleus News trends on Malleus
Commentary
Blogs on Malleus
Definitions
Definitions of Malleus
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Malleus Discussion groups on Malleus Patient Handouts on Malleus Directions to Hospitals Treating Malleus Risk calculators and risk factors for Malleus
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Malleus Causes & Risk Factors for Malleus Diagnostic studies for Malleus Treatment of Malleus
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Malleus
International
Malleus en Espanol Malleus en Francais
Business
Malleus in the Marketplace Patents on Malleus
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Malleus

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Overview

The malleus or hammer is a hammer-shaped small bone or ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the incus and is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum. The word is Latin for hammer.

It transmits the sound vibrations from the eardrum to the incus.

The malleus is unique to mammals, and evolved from a lower jaw bone in basal amniotes called the articular, which still forms part of the jaw joint in reptiles.

Additional images

Head and neck of a human embryo eighteen weeks old, with Meckel’s cartilage and hyoid bar exposed.

External and middle ear, opened from the front. Right side.

Chain of ossicles and their ligaments, seen from the front in a vertical, transverse section of the tympanum.

See also

• Bone terminology
• Terms for anatomical location

References

1. ↑ Embryology at UNC hednk-023

External links

The Anatomy WizMalleus

v • d • e Sensory system: Auditory and Vestibular systems
Outer ear	pinna (Helix, Antihelix, Tragus, Antitragus, Earlobe) • Ear canal
Middle ear	Eardrum (Umbo) • Ossicles (Malleus, Incus & Stapes) • muscles (Stapedius, Tensor tympani) • Eustachian tube (Torus tubarius)
Inner ear/Labyrinth	Bony labyrinth (Vestibule) • Membranous labyrinth Oval window • Helicotrema • Round window Cochlea: Spiral ganglion • Modiolus • Cochlear duct/scala media (Endolymph, Stria vascularis, Spiral ligament, Organ of Corti) • Scala vestibuli and Scala tympani (Perilymph) Reissner's/vestibular membrane • Basilar membrane • Tectorial membrane Organ of Corti: Hair cells • Stereocilia • Sulcus spiralis (externus, internus) • Limbus spiralis
Vestibular system	Static/translations: Utricle (Macula) - Saccule (Macula, Endolymphatic sac, Endolymphatic duct) - Kinocilium - Otolith Kinetic/rotations: Semicircular canals (Superior, Posterior, Horizontal) • Cupula • Ampullae (Crista ampullaris)
Brain (auditory)	Cochlear nerve VIII → Cochlear nuclei → Trapezoid body → Superior olivary nuclei → Lateral lemniscus → Inferior colliculi → Medial geniculate nuclei → Primary auditory cortex

v • d • e Bones (Axial skeleton, Appendicular skeleton)
VERTEBRAL COLUMN	vertebrae (cervical - thoracic - lumbar) - sacrum - coccyx
THORAX	sternum - rib
cranial bones of SKULL	occipital - parietal - frontal - temporal - sphenoid - ethmoid
facial bones of SKULL	nasal - maxilla - lacrimal - zygomatic - palatine - inferior nasal conchae - vomer - mandible - THROAT: hyoid (greater cornu, lesser cornu, body)
UPPER EXTREMITY	SHOULDER GIRDLE:clavicle - scapula - ARM: humerus - ulna - radius- HAND:carpals (scaphoid - lunate bone - triquetral - pisiform - trapezium - trapezoid - capitate - hamate) - metacarpals - phalanges (prox - int - dist)
LOWER EXTREMITY	PELVIS:pelvis (ilium, ischium, pubis) - LEG: femur - patella - fibula - tibia - FOOT: tarsals (calcaneus - talus - navicular - cuneiform - cuboid ) - metatarsals - phalanges (prox - int - dist)
MIDDLE EAR OSSICLES	malleus - incus - stapes

v • d • e WikiDoc Research Resources for Malleus
Articles on Malleus	Most recent articles on Malleus • Most cited articles on Malleus • Review articles on Malleus • Articles on Malleus in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Malleus	Powerpoint slides on Malleus • Images of Malleus • Photos of Malleus • Podcasts & MP3s on Malleus • Videos on Malleus
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Malleus	Cochrane Collaboration on Malleus • Bandolier on Malleus • TRIP on Malleus
Cost Effectiveness of Malleus	Cost Effectiveness of Malleus
Clinical Trials Involving Malleus	Ongoing Trials on Malleus at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Malleus • Clinical Trials on Malleus at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Malleus	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Malleus • NICE Guidance on Malleus • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Malleus • CDC on Malleus
Textbook Information on Malleus	Books and Textbook Information on Malleus
Pharmacology Resources on Malleus	Dosing of Malleus • Drug interactions with Malleus • Side effects of Malleus • Allergic reactions to Malleus • Overdose information on Malleus • Carcinogenicity information on Malleus • Malleus in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Malleus •
Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Malleus	Genetics of Malleus • Pharmacogenomics of Malleus • Proteomics of Malleus
Newstories on Malleus	Malleus in the news • Be alerted to news on Malleus • News trends on Malleus
Commentary on Malleus	Blogs on Malleus
Patient Resources on Malleus	Patient resources on Malleus • Discussion groups on Malleus • Patient Handouts on Malleus • Directions to Hospitals Treating Malleus • Risk calculators and risk factors for Malleus
Healthcare Provider Resources on Malleus	Symptoms of Malleus • Causes & Risk Factors for Malleus • Diagnostic studies for Malleus • Treatment of Malleus
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Malleus	CME Programs on Malleus
International Resources on Malleus	Malleus en Espanol • Malleus en Francais
Business Resources on Malleus	Malleus in the Marketplace • Patents on Malleus
Informatics Resources on Malleus	List of terms related to Malleus

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