Major or mild neurocognitive disorder due to Parkinson's disease

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D.

Overview

Cognitive impairment and dementia can occur in the PD but in some ways it’s different from Alzheimer disease. Language dysfunction and memory deficit is less prominent while executive and visuospatial dysfunction is more prominent in PD. Parkinson’s diseases memory deficits are in the area of retrieval of learned information. Aphasia, apraxia and sever memory loss are uncommon in PD.

Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Parkinson's Disease

Cognitive impairment and dementia can occur in the PD but in some ways it’s different from Alzheimer disease. Language dysfunction and memory deficit is less prominent while executive and visuospatial dysfunction is more prominent in PD.[1][2][3][4][5] Parkinson’s diseases memory deficits are in the area of retrieval of learned information. Aphasia, apraxia and sever memory loss are uncommon in PD.[6][7][8][9]

Epidemiology and Demographics

The prevalence of major or mild neurocognitive disorder due to parkinson's disease is:

75,000 per 100,000 (75%) major neurocognitive disorder.

27,000 per 100,000 (27%) mild neurocognitive disorder.[10]

Risk Factors

Risk factors for developing Cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson disease are: Duration of PD, severity of the disease, age of onset >60 years, old age, presence of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, autonomic dysfunction, gait problem and hyposmia.[11][12][13][14][15][16][6][7][17]

Differential Diagnosis

the differential diagnosis for PDD includes:

References

  1. ↑ Svenningsson P, Westman E, Ballard C, Aarsland D (August 2012). "Cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease: diagnosis, biomarkers, and treatment". Lancet Neurol. 11 (8): 697–707. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70152-7. PMID 22814541.
  2. ↑ Muslimovic D, Post B, Speelman JD, Schmand B (October 2005). "Cognitive profile of patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson disease". Neurology. 65 (8): 1239–45. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000180516.69442.95. PMID 16247051.
  3. ↑ Levin BE, Llabre MM, Reisman S, Weiner WJ, Sanchez-Ramos J, Singer C, Brown MC (March 1991). "Visuospatial impairment in Parkinson's disease". Neurology. 41 (3): 365–9. PMID 2006002.
  4. ↑ Stern Y, Richards M, Sano M, Mayeux R (October 1993). "Comparison of cognitive changes in patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease". Arch. Neurol. 50 (10): 1040–5. PMID 8215961.
  5. ↑ Emre M, Aarsland D, Brown R, Burn DJ, Duyckaerts C, Mizuno Y, Broe GA, Cummings J, Dickson DW, Gauthier S, Goldman J, Goetz C, Korczyn A, Lees A, Levy R, Litvan I, McKeith I, Olanow W, Poewe W, Quinn N, Sampaio C, Tolosa E, Dubois B (September 2007). "Clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia associated with Parkinson's disease". Mov. Disord. 22 (12): 1689–707, quiz 1837. doi:10.1002/mds.21507. PMID 17542011.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Hobson P, Meara J (September 2004). "Risk and incidence of dementia in a cohort of older subjects with Parkinson's disease in the United Kingdom". Mov. Disord. 19 (9): 1043–9. doi:10.1002/mds.20216. PMID 15372593.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Aarsland D, Andersen K, Larsen JP, Lolk A, Nielsen H, Kragh-Sørensen P (March 2001). "Risk of dementia in Parkinson's disease: a community-based, prospective study". Neurology. 56 (6): 730–6. PMID 11274306.
  8. ↑ Aarsland D, Bronnick K, Williams-Gray C, Weintraub D, Marder K, Kulisevsky J, Burn D, Barone P, Pagonabarraga J, Allcock L, Santangelo G, Foltynie T, Janvin C, Larsen JP, Barker RA, Emre M (September 2010). "Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease: a multicenter pooled analysis". Neurology. 75 (12): 1062–9. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181f39d0e. PMC 2942065. PMID 20855849.
  9. ↑ Emre M (August 2004). "Dementia in Parkinson's disease: cause and treatment". Curr. Opin. Neurol. 17 (4): 399–404. PMID 15247534.
  10. ↑ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.
  11. ↑ Anang JB, Gagnon JF, Bertrand JA, Romenets SR, Latreille V, Panisset M, Montplaisir J, Postuma RB (September 2014). "Predictors of dementia in Parkinson disease: a prospective cohort study". Neurology. 83 (14): 1253–60. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000000842. PMC 4180482. PMID 25171928.
  12. ↑ Schrag A, Siddiqui UF, Anastasiou Z, Weintraub D, Schott JM (January 2017). "Clinical variables and biomarkers in prediction of cognitive impairment in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease: a cohort study". Lancet Neurol. 16 (1): 66–75. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30328-3. PMC 5377592. PMID 27866858.
  13. ↑ Hughes TA, Ross HF, Musa S, Bhattacherjee S, Nathan RN, Mindham RH, Spokes EG (April 2000). "A 10-year study of the incidence of and factors predicting dementia in Parkinson's disease". Neurology. 54 (8): 1596–602. PMID 10762499.
  14. ↑ Reid WG, Hely MA, Morris JG, Broe GA, Adena M, Sullivan DJ, Williamson PM (October 1996). "A longitudinal of Parkinson's disease: clinical and neuropsychological correlates of dementia". J Clin Neurosci. 3 (4): 327–33. PMID 18638897.
  15. ↑ Stern Y, Marder K, Tang MX, Mayeux R (September 1993). "Antecedent clinical features associated with dementia in Parkinson's disease". Neurology. 43 (9): 1690–2. PMID 8414013.
  16. ↑ Mayeux R, Denaro J, Hemenegildo N, Marder K, Tang MX, Cote LJ, Stern Y (May 1992). "A population-based investigation of Parkinson's disease with and without dementia. Relationship to age and gender". Arch. Neurol. 49 (5): 492–7. PMID 1580811.
  17. ↑ Aarsland D, Andersen K, Larsen JP, Lolk A, Kragh-Sørensen P (March 2003). "Prevalence and characteristics of dementia in Parkinson disease: an 8-year prospective study". Arch. Neurol. 60 (3): 387–92. PMID 12633150.
  18. ↑ Galvin JE, Pollack J, Morris JC (November 2006). "Clinical phenotype of Parkinson disease dementia". Neurology. 67 (9): 1605–11. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000242630.52203.8f. PMID 17101891.
  19. ↑ Portet F, Scarmeas N, Cosentino S, Helzner EP, Stern Y (September 2009). "Extrapyramidal signs before and after diagnosis of incident Alzheimer disease in a prospective population study". Arch. Neurol. 66 (9): 1120–6. doi:10.1001/archneurol.2009.196. PMC 2896248. PMID 19752301.
  20. ↑ McKeith I, Mintzer J, Aarsland D, Burn D, Chiu H, Cohen-Mansfield J, Dickson D, Dubois B, Duda JE, Feldman H, Gauthier S, Halliday G, Lawlor B, Lippa C, Lopez OL, Carlos Machado J, O'Brien J, Playfer J, Reid W (January 2004). "Dementia with Lewy bodies". Lancet Neurol. 3 (1): 19–28. PMID 14693108.
  21. ↑ McKeith IG, Dickson DW, Lowe J, Emre M, O'Brien JT, Feldman H, Cummings J, Duda JE, Lippa C, Perry EK, Aarsland D, Arai H, Ballard CG, Boeve B, Burn DJ, Costa D, Del Ser T, Dubois B, Galasko D, Gauthier S, Goetz CG, Gomez-Tortosa E, Halliday G, Hansen LA, Hardy J, Iwatsubo T, Kalaria RN, Kaufer D, Kenny RA, Korczyn A, Kosaka K, Lee VM, Lees A, Litvan I, Londos E, Lopez OL, Minoshima S, Mizuno Y, Molina JA, Mukaetova-Ladinska EB, Pasquier F, Perry RH, Schulz JB, Trojanowski JQ, Yamada M (December 2005). "Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: third report of the DLB Consortium". Neurology. 65 (12): 1863–72. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000187889.17253.b1. PMID 16237129.
  22. ↑ Bak TH, Crawford LM, Hearn VC, Mathuranath PS, Hodges JR (August 2005). "Subcortical dementia revisited: similarities and differences in cognitive function between progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA)". Neurocase. 11 (4): 268–73. doi:10.1080/13554790590962997. PMID 16093227.
  23. ↑ Brown RG, Lacomblez L, Landwehrmeyer BG, Bak T, Uttner I, Dubois B, Agid Y, Ludolph A, Bensimon G, Payan C, Leigh NP (August 2010). "Cognitive impairment in patients with multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy". Brain. 133 (Pt 8): 2382–93. doi:10.1093/brain/awq158. PMID 20576697.
  24. ↑ Armstrong MJ, Litvan I, Lang AE, Bak TH, Bhatia KP, Borroni B, Boxer AL, Dickson DW, Grossman M, Hallett M, Josephs KA, Kertesz A, Lee SE, Miller BL, Reich SG, Riley DE, Tolosa E, Tröster AI, Vidailhet M, Weiner WJ (January 2013). "Criteria for the diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration". Neurology. 80 (5): 496–503. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31827f0fd1. PMC 3590050. PMID 23359374.
  25. ↑ Litvan I, Campbell G, Mangone CA, Verny M, McKee A, Chaudhuri KR, Jellinger K, Pearce RK, D'Olhaberriague L (January 1997). "Which clinical features differentiate progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome) from related disorders? A clinicopathological study". Brain. 120 ( Pt 1): 65–74. PMID 9055798.
  26. ↑ Litvan I, Agid Y, Jankovic J, Goetz C, Brandel JP, Lai EC, Wenning G, D'Olhaberriague L, Verny M, Chaudhuri KR, McKee A, Jellinger K, Bartko JJ, Mangone CA, Pearce RK (April 1996). "Accuracy of clinical criteria for the diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome)". Neurology. 46 (4): 922–30. PMID 8780065.
  27. ↑ Litvan I, Mega MS, Cummings JL, Fairbanks L (November 1996). "Neuropsychiatric aspects of progressive supranuclear palsy". Neurology. 47 (5): 1184–9. PMID 8909427.
  28. ↑ Buchman AS, Leurgans SE, Nag S, Bennett DA, Schneider JA (November 2011). "Cerebrovascular disease pathology and parkinsonian signs in old age". Stroke. 42 (11): 3183–9. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.623462. PMC 3202031. PMID 21885844.
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