Legionellosis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D.; Serge Korjian M.D.
Overview
The majority of cases of legionellosis are reported between the Summer and early Fall (between June and October). Approximately 8,000-18,000 individuals are hospitalized annually in the USA for Legionnaires' disease with a case fatality rate ranging between 10% to 35%. The median case-patient age is 61 years, and the male to female ratio is 1.8 to 1.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- In USA, the incidence of legionellosis ranges between 1-3 cases per 100,000 individuals.
- Approximately 8,000-18,000 individuals are hospitalized annually in the USA for legionellosis.
- The incidence of legionellosis is believed to be increasing over the last 10-15 years.
Case Fatality Rate
- The case fatality rate of legionellosis ranges between 10% to 35%.
- Hospital-acquired legionellosis is associated with a higher case fatality rate compared with community-acquired legionellosis.
Age
- The median case-patient age is 61 years.
- Patients of all ages may acquire legionellosis, but elderly patients older than 65 years of age are at higher risk.
Gender
- Males are slightly more likely to develop legionellosis.
- The male to female ratio is 1.8 to 1.
Race
- There is no racial predilection to the development of legionellosis.
Seasonal Variation
- The majority of cases of legionellosis are reported between the Summer and early Fall (between June and October).
Infection in the U.S.
- Although approximately 8,000 - 18,000 individuals are hospitalized with legionellosis in the U.S. each year, the disease is thought to be significantly under-reported with estimated of 2%-10% of cases being reported.
- In USA, legionellosis is a reportable condition in most states