Iodine deficiency

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Iodine deficiency Classification and external resources
ICD-10	E00. - E02.
DiseasesDB	6933
eMedicine	med/1187

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Articles
Most recent articles on Iodine deficiency Most cited articles on Iodine deficiency Review articles on Iodine deficiency Articles on Iodine deficiency in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
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Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Iodine deficiency Bandolier on Iodine deficiency TRIP on Iodine deficiency
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Iodine deficiency at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Iodine deficiency Clinical Trials on Iodine deficiency at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Iodine deficiency NICE Guidance on Iodine deficiency NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Iodine deficiency CDC on Iodine deficiency
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Books on Iodine deficiency
News
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Commentary
Blogs on Iodine deficiency
Definitions
Definitions of Iodine deficiency
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Patient resources on Iodine deficiency Discussion groups on Iodine deficiency Patient Handouts on Iodine deficiency Directions to Hospitals Treating Iodine deficiency Risk calculators and risk factors for Iodine deficiency
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Iodine deficiency Causes & Risk Factors for Iodine deficiency Diagnostic studies for Iodine deficiency Treatment of Iodine deficiency
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Iodine deficiency en Espanol Iodine deficiency en Francais
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List of terms related to Iodine deficiency

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Iodine is an essential trace element; the thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodotyronine contain iodine. In areas where there is little iodine in the diet—typically remote inland areas where no marine foods are eaten—iodine deficiency gives rise to goiter (so-called endemic goitre), as well as cretinism, which results in developmental delays and other health problems

In some such areas, this is now combatted by the addition of small amounts of iodine to table salt in form of sodium iodide, potassium iodide, potassium iodate—this product is known as iodized salt. Iodine compounds have also been added to other foodstuffs, such as flour, in areas of deficiency.

Goitre

Main article: Goitre

Low amounts of thyroid hormones in the blood, due to lack of iodine to make them, give rise to high levels of the pituitary hormone TSH, which in turn stimulate abnormal growth of the thyroid gland, sometimes causing goitres.

Iodized salt and other sources of iodine in the diet has eliminated this condition in many affluent countries, however there are a number of European countries, Australia, and New Zealand where iodine deficiency is a significant public health problem (Andersson M, Takkouche B, Egli I, Allen HE, de Benoist B. Current global iodine status and progress over the last decade towards the elimination of iodine deficiency. Bull World Health Organ 2005;83:518-25). However, it is still common in poorer nations. Also, treatment for conditions such as hypertension proscribe the excessive intake of salt and prescribe the use of a salt substitute.

Cretinism

Local impact

Certain areas of the world, due to natural deficiency and governmental inaction, are severely affected by iodine deficiency, which effects approximately two billion people worldwide. It is particularly common in the Netherlands, Western Pacific, South-East Asia and Africa.

India is the most outstanding, with 500 million suffering from deficiency, 54 million from goitre, and two million from cretinism.

Among other nations affected by iodine deficiency, China and Kazakhstan have begun taking action, while Russia has not. Successful campaigns for the adoption of the use of iodized salt require education and regulation of salt producers and sellers and a communication campaign directed at the public, the salt trade, politicians and policy makers. The cost of adding iodine to salt is negligible. ^[1]

See also

• Basil Hetzel
• Lugol's iodine

External links

• Iodine: The Universal Nutrient Article
• How to Self-Test for an Iodine Deficiency
• IodineSource
• Orthoiodosupplementation
• Iodine and the Body
• Iodine - Special Topics
• Can Africa meet the goal of eliminating iodine-deficiency disorders by the year 2000?
• Network for Sustained Elimination of Iodine Deficiency

References

v • d • e WikiDoc Research Resources for Iodine deficiency
Articles on Iodine deficiency	Most recent articles on Iodine deficiency • Most cited articles on Iodine deficiency • Review articles on Iodine deficiency • Articles on Iodine deficiency in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Iodine deficiency	Powerpoint slides on Iodine deficiency • Images of Iodine deficiency • Photos of Iodine deficiency • Podcasts & MP3s on Iodine deficiency • Videos on Iodine deficiency
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Iodine deficiency	Cochrane Collaboration on Iodine deficiency • Bandolier on Iodine deficiency • TRIP on Iodine deficiency
Cost Effectiveness of Iodine deficiency	Cost Effectiveness of Iodine deficiency
Clinical Trials Involving Iodine deficiency	Ongoing Trials on Iodine deficiency at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Iodine deficiency • Clinical Trials on Iodine deficiency at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Iodine deficiency	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Iodine deficiency • NICE Guidance on Iodine deficiency • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Iodine deficiency • CDC on Iodine deficiency
Textbook Information on Iodine deficiency	Books and Textbook Information on Iodine deficiency
Pharmacology Resources on Iodine deficiency	Dosing of Iodine deficiency • Drug interactions with Iodine deficiency • Side effects of Iodine deficiency • Allergic reactions to Iodine deficiency • Overdose information on Iodine deficiency • Carcinogenicity information on Iodine deficiency • Iodine deficiency in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Iodine deficiency •
Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Iodine deficiency	Genetics of Iodine deficiency • Pharmacogenomics of Iodine deficiency • Proteomics of Iodine deficiency
Newstories on Iodine deficiency	Iodine deficiency in the news • Be alerted to news on Iodine deficiency • News trends on Iodine deficiency
Commentary on Iodine deficiency	Blogs on Iodine deficiency
Patient Resources on Iodine deficiency	Patient resources on Iodine deficiency • Discussion groups on Iodine deficiency • Patient Handouts on Iodine deficiency • Directions to Hospitals Treating Iodine deficiency • Risk calculators and risk factors for Iodine deficiency
Healthcare Provider Resources on Iodine deficiency	Symptoms of Iodine deficiency • Causes & Risk Factors for Iodine deficiency • Diagnostic studies for Iodine deficiency • Treatment of Iodine deficiency
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Iodine deficiency	CME Programs on Iodine deficiency
International Resources on Iodine deficiency	Iodine deficiency en Espanol • Iodine deficiency en Francais
Business Resources on Iodine deficiency	Iodine deficiency in the Marketplace • Patents on Iodine deficiency
Informatics Resources on Iodine deficiency	List of terms related to Iodine deficiency

v • d • e Endocrine pathology: endocrine diseases (E00-35, 240-259)
Thyroid	Hypothyroidism (Iodine deficiency, Cretinism, Congenital hypothyroidism, Goitre, Myxedema) - Hyperthyroidism (Graves disease, Toxic multinodular goitre, Teratoma with thyroid tissue or Struma ovarii) - Thyroiditis (De Quervain's thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Riedel's thyroiditis) - Euthyroid sick syndrome
Pancreas	Diabetes mellitus (type 1, type 2, coma, angiopathy, ketoacidosis, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy) - Hypoglycemia - Hyperinsulinism - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - insulin receptor (Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome)
Parathyroid	Hypoparathyroidism (Pseudohypoparathyroidism) - Hyperparathyroidism (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary)
Pituitary	Hyperpituitarism (Acromegaly, Hyperprolactinaemia, SIADH) - Hypopituitarism (Simmonds' disease/Sheehan's syndrome, Kallmann syndrome, Growth hormone deficiency, Diabetes insipidus) - Adiposogenital dystrophy - Empty sella syndrome
Adrenal	Cushing's syndrome (Nelson's syndrome, Pseudo-Cushing's syndrome) - CAH (Lipoid, 3β, 11β, 17α, 21α) - Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome, Bartter syndrome) - Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) - Hypoaldosteronism
Gonads	ovarian dysfunction (Polycystic ovary syndrome, Premature ovarian failure) - testicular dysfunction (5-alpha-reductase deficiency) - testosterone biosynthesis (17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency) - general (Hypogonadism, Delayed puberty, Precocious puberty)
Other	Androgen insensitivity syndrome - Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome - Carcinoid syndrome - Gigantism - Short stature (Laron syndrome, Psychogenic dwarfism) - Multiple endocrine neoplasia (1, 2) - Progeria - Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome

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