Genioglossus

You don't need to be Editor-In-Chief to add or edit content to WikiDoc. You can begin to add to or edit text on this WikiDoc page by clicking on the edit button at the top of this page. Next enter or edit the information that you would like to appear here. Once you are done editing, scroll down and click the Save page button at the bottom of the page.

Genioglossus
Image:Genioglossus.png
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue. Left side.
Latin	musculus genioglossus
Gray's	subject #242 1129
Origin:	Superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti)
Insertion:	Dorsum of tongue and body of hyoid
Artery:	Lingual artery
Nerve:	Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Action:	Complex - Inferior fibers protrude the tongue, middle fibers depress the tongue, and its superior fibers draw the tip back and down
Dorlands/Elsevier	m_22/12549183

The genioglossus is a muscle of the human body which runs from the chin to the tongue.

Structure

Genioglossus is the fan-shaped extrinsic tongue muscle that forms the majority of the body of the tongue. Its origin is the mental spine of the mandible and its insertions are the hyoid bone and the dorsum of the tongue. Innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), it depresses and protrudes the tongue.

Clinical relevance

A relaxation of the genioglossus and geniohyoideus muscles, especially during REM sleep, is implicated in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA.)^[1]

Peripheral damage to the hypoglossal nerve can result in deviation of the tongue to the damaged side.

Etymology

The name derives from Greek roots: "Geneion" for chin, and "glossa" for tongue.

Additional images

Mandible. Inner surface. Side view.

The internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Right side.

Hypoglossal nerve, cervical plexus, and their branches.

Sagittal section of nose, mouth, pharynx, and larynx.

References

1. ↑ Herder et al. (2004) "Risks of general anaesthesia in people with obstructive sleep apnoea" British Medical Journal 329 (7472):955-959

External links

• LUC geng
• SUNY Figs 34:02-01
• -227868593 at GPnotebook
• Genioglossus+muscle at eMedicine Dictionary
• Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, at Elsevier 25420.000-1
• Frontal section

v • d • e List of muscles of head and neck: the head
Extraocular (CN III, IV, VI)	oblique (inferior, superior) - rectus (superior, inferior, medial, lateral) - levator palpebrae superioris (superior tarsal)
Mastication (CN V3)	masseter - temporalis - pterygoid (lateral, medial)
Facial (CN VII)	Ear auriculares (anterior, superior, posterior) - temporoparietalis Scalp/eyelid occipitofrontalis (occipitalis, frontalis) - orbicularis oculi (depressor supercilii) - corrugator supercilii Nose procerus - nasalis (dilatator naris) - depressor septi nasi - levator labii superioris alaeque nasi Mouth levator anguli oris - levator labii superioris - zygomaticus (major, minor) orbicularis oris - risorius - buccinator depressor anguli oris - depressor labii inferioris - mentalis
Mouth/throat (CN IX, X, XI) (except TVP=V3)	Soft palate veli palatini (tensor, levator) - musculus uvulae - palatopharyngeus (to pharnyx) - palatoglossus (to tongue) Pharynx pharyngeal constrictor (superior, middle, inferior) - longitudinal (stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus) Larynx cricothyroid - cricoarytenoid (posterior, lateral) - arytenoid (oblique arytenoid/aryepiglottic, transverse arytenoid) - thyroarytenoid (vocal, thyroepiglottic)
Tongue (CN XII)	extrinsic (genioglossus, hyoglossus/chondroglossus, styloglossus) - intrinsic (superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse, vertical)

de:Musculus genioglossushu:Musculus genioglossus

nl:Musculus genioglossus sr:Гениоглосни мишић