Fields of science

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Fields of science are widely-recognized categories of specialized expertise within science, and typically embody their own terminology and nomenclature.

Contents 1 Natural sciences 1.1 Chemistry 1.2 Physics 1.3 Space sciences 1.4 Earth sciences 1.5 Environmental sciences 1.6 Life Sciences 2 Formal sciences 2.1 Computer sciences 2.2 Mathematics 2.3 Systems science 3 Social sciences 3.1 Anthropology 3.2 Economics 3.3 Psychology 3.4 Geography 3.5 Linguistics 3.6 Philosophy 3.7 Political science 3.8 Sociology 4 Applied sciences 4.1 Architecture 4.2 Cognitive sciences 4.3 Engineering 4.4 Health sciences 4.4.1 Medicine 4.5 Military Science 5 See also

Natural sciences

Main article: Natural science

  See also: Social sciences, below

v • d • e Fields within the natural sciences
Astronomy · Biology · Chemistry · Earth science · Physics

Chemistry

Analytical chemistry Biochemistry Computational chemistry Electrochemistry Inorganic chemistry Materials science Medicinal chemistry

Organic chemistry Polymer chemistry Physical chemistry Quantum chemistry Spectroscopy Stereochemistry Thermochemistry Thermodynamics

Physics

Acoustics Agrophysics Atomic, Molecular, and Optical physics Biophysics Computational physics Condensed matter physics Cryogenics Dynamics Electricity & Magnetism Fluid dynamics Geophysics Materials physics

Mathematical physics Mechanics Nuclear physics Optics Particle physics (or High Energy Physics) Plasma physics Polymer physics Quantum Physics Statics Solid State Thermodynamics Vehicle dynamics Electronics Laser Physics

Space sciences

Archaeoastronomy Astrobiology Astrochemistry Astrodynamics Astrometry Astronomy Astrophysics Cosmochemistry Cosmology

Extragalactic astronomy Galactic astronomy Cosmology Planetary geology Planetary science Solar astronomy Stellar astronomy

Earth sciences

Biogeography Cartography Climatology Coastal geography Geodesy Geography Geology Geomorphology

Geostatistics Geophysics Glaciology Hydrology Hydrogeology Mineralogy Meteorology Oceanography

Paleoclimatology Paleontology Petrology Limnology Seismology Soil science Topography Volcanology

Environmental sciences

Environmental science Environmental chemistry

Environmental geology Environmental soil science

Life Sciences

Anatomy Astrobiology Biochemistry Bioinformatics Biology Biophysics Biotechnology Botany Cell biology Chronobiology Cladistics Cytology Dermatology Developmental biology Ecology Embryology Entomology Epidemiology Ethology Evolution (Evolutionary biology) Evolutionary developmental biology Freshwater Biology Genetics (Population genetics, Genomics, Proteomics)

Histology Immunology Kinesiology Marine biology Microbiology Molecular Biology Morphology Neuroscience Ontogeny Phycology (Algology) Phylogeny Physical anthropology Physical therapy Physiology Population dynamics Structural biology Taxonomy Toxicology Virology Zoology

Formal sciences

Main article: Formal sciences

Computer sciences

Theory of computation Automata theory (Formal languages) Computability theory Computational complexity theory Concurrency theory Algorithms Randomized algorithms Distributed algorithms Parallel algorithms Data structures Computer architecture VLSI design Operating systems Computer communications (networks) Information theory Internet, World wide web Wireless computing (Mobile computing) Computer security and reliability Cryptography Fault-tolerant computing Distributed computing Grid computing Parallel computing High-performance computing Quantum computing Computer graphics Image processing Scientific visualization Computational geometry

Software engineering Formal methods (Formal verification) Programming languages Programming paradigms Object-oriented programming Functional programming Program semantics Type theory Compilers Concurrent programming languages Information science Database Relational database Distributed database Object database Multimedia, hypermedia Data mining Information retrieval Artificial intelligence Cognitive science Automated reasoning Machine learning Artificial neural network Natural language processing (Computational linguistics) Computer vision Expert systems Robotics

Human-computer interaction Computing in Mathematics, Natural sciences, Engineering and Medicine Numerical analysis Algebraic (symbolic) computation Computational number theory Computational mathematics Scientific computing (Computational science) Computational biology (bioinformatics) Computational physics Computational chemistry Computational neuroscience Computer-aided engineering Finite element analysis Computational fluid dynamics Computing in Social sciences, Arts and Humanities, Professions Computational economics Computational sociology Computational finance Humanities computing (Digital Humanities) Information systems (Business informatics) Information technology Management information systems Health informatics Computer and society History of computing (history of computer hardware & history of computer science) Humanistic informatics Community informatics

See also Branches of Computer Science and ACM Computing Classification System

Mathematics

Algebra Group theory Group representation Ring theory Field theory Linear algebra (Vector space) Multilinear algebra Lie algebra Associative algebra Non-associative algebra Universal algebra Homological algebra Category theory Lattice theory (Order theory) Differential algebra Analysis Real analysis Calculus Complex analysis Functional analysis Operator theory Non-standard analysis Harmonic analysis p-adic analysis Ordinary differential equations Partial differential equations

Probability theory Measure theory Ergodic theory Stochastic process Geometry and Topology General topology Algebraic topology Geometric topology Differential topology Algebraic geometry Differential geometry Projective geometry Affine geometry Non-Euclidean geometry Convex geometry Discrete geometry Number theory Analytic number theory Algebraic number theory Geometric number theory Logic and Foundations of mathematics Set theory Proof theory Model theory Recursion theory Modal logic Intuitionistic logic

Applied mathematics Statistics Mathematical statistics Econometrics Actuarial science Demography Approximation theory Numerical analysis Optimization (Mathematical programming) Operations research Linear programming Dynamical systems Chaos theory Fractal geometry Mathematical physics Quantum field theory Statistical mechanics Theory of computation Computational complexity theory Information theory Cryptography Combinatorics Coding theory Graph theory Game theory

see also Branches of Mathematics and AMS Mathematics Subject Classification

Systems science

Chaos theory Complex systems Complexity theory Cybernetics Biocybernetics Engineering cybernetics Management cybernetics Medical cybernetics New Cybernetics Second-order cybernetics Control theory Affect control theory Control engineering Control systems Dynamical systems Perceptual control theory

Operations research Systems biology Computational systems biology Synthetic biology Systems immunology Systems dynamics Social dynamics Systems ecology Ecosystem ecology Systems engineering Biological systems engineering Earth systems engineering and management Enterprise systems engineering Systems analysis

Systems psychology Ergonomics Family systems theory Systemic therapy Systems theory Biochemical systems theory Ecological systems theory Developmental systems theory General systems theory Living systems theory LTI system theory Sociotechnical systems theory Mathematical system theory World-systems theory

Social sciences

Main article: Social sciences

  See also: Natural sciences, above

v • d • e Fields within the social sciences
Anthropology · Economics · Education · Human geography · Information science · Law  · Linguistics  · Management  · Political science · Psychology · Sociology

Anthropology

Applied anthropology Anthropology of religion Archaeology Cultural anthropology Ethnobiology Ethnography Ethnology Ethnopoetics Evolutionary anthropology

Experimental archaeology Historical archaeology Linguistic anthropology Medical anthropology Physical anthropology Psychological anthropology Zooarchaeology

Economics

Macroeconomics Microeconomics Behavioural economics Bioeconomics Development economics Econometrics Economic geography Economic history Economic sociology Energy economics Entrepreneurial Economics Environmental economics Feminist economics Financial economics Green economics Industrial organization International economics Institutional economics Islamic economics Labor economics Law and Economics

Managerial economics Mathematical economics Monetary economics Public finance Public economics Platform economics Real estate economics Resource economics Socialist economics Welfare economics Computational economics Econometrics Evolutionary economics Experimental economics Social psychology Neuroeconomics Political economy Socioeconomics Transport economics

Psychology

Behavior analysis Biopsychology Cognitive psychology Clinical psychology Cultural psychology Developmental psychology Educational psychology Evolutionary psychology Experimental psychology Forensic psychology Health psychology

Humanistic psychology Industrial and organizational psychology Neuropsychology Personality psychology Psychometrics Psychology of religion Psychophysics Physical psychology Sensation and perception psychology Social psychology

Geography

Cartography Human geography Critical geography Cultural geography Feminist geography Economic geography Development geography Historical geography Time geography Political geography & geopolitics Marxist geography Military geography Strategic geography Population geography Social geography Behavioral geography Children's geographies Health geography Tourism geography Urban geography

Environmental geography Physical geography Biogeography Climatology Palaeoclimatology Coastal geography Geomorphology Geodesy Hydrology/Hydrography Glaciology Limnology Oceanography Pedology Landscape ecology Palaeogeography Regional geography

Linguistics

• Historical linguistics
• Morphology
• Phonetics
• Phonology
• Semantics
• Semiotics
• Syntax
• Etymology

Philosophy

Not considered a science by some thinkers, instead considered a precursor of it. Several fields of philosophy are more directly relevant to the natural and social sciences than others. These include:

• Epistemology
• Logic
• Philosophy of mind
• Philosophy of science

Political science

Sociology

See also Subfields of sociology

• Criminology
• Demography

Applied sciences

Architecture

Architectural engineering Architecture

Building science Urbanism

Cognitive sciences

Cognitive neuroscience Cognitive psychology

Neuropsychology Psycholinguistics

Engineering

Aeronautical Engineering Aerospace Engineering Agricultural engineering Agricultural science Biomedical engineering Chemical engineering Civil engineering Computer engineering Control engineering

Electrical engineering Language engineering Marine engineering Mechanical engineering Mining engineering Nuclear engineering Polymer engineering Software engineering Systems engineering

Health sciences

Conservation medicine Dentistry Nutrition

Medicine Veterinary medicine

Medicine

Anatomy Dermatology Gynecology Immunology Internal medicine Neurology Ophthalmology Pathology

Pathophysiology Pediatrics Pharmacology Physical therapy Physiology Psychiatry Radiology Toxicology

Military Science

• Military Organisation
• Military Education and Training
• Military History
• Military Engineering
• Military Strategy and Tactics

See also

• Science
• List of fields of doctoral studies
• List of academic disciplines
• Complete Joint Academic Classification of Subjects (JACS) from Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) in the United Kingdom: [1]ar:حقول العلم

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