Febrile neutropenia natural history, complications and prognosis

For patient information page, see Febrile neutropenia (patient information).

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: F and N; fever and neutropenia; FN; hot and low; hot leuk; neutropenic fever; neutropenic fever syndrome; neutropenic sepsis

Overview

Potential complications of febrile neutropenia include hypotension, respiratory failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, confusion or altered mental state, congestive heart failure, bleeding, arrhythmia, and renal failure.

Complications

Table 2. Medical Complications Considered Serious
Hypotension: systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg or need for pressor support to maintain blood pressure Respiratory failure: arterial oxygen pressure less than 60 mmHg while breathing room air or need for mechanical ventilation Intensive care unit admission Disseminated intravascular coagulation Confusion or altered mental state Congestive cardiac failure seen on chest x-ray and requiring treatment Bleeding severe enough to require transfusion Arrhythmia or ECG changes requiring treatment Renal failure requiring investigation and/or treatment with IV fluids, dialysis, or any other intervention Other complications judged serious and clinically significant by the investigator†
† All reviewed by one investigator. Viral or fungal, microbiologically documented primary infection during the febrile episode, without any described complication and resolving under therapy, was considered a part of the infectious process and was not considered a serious complication.

High-risk patients as assessed by clinical judgment criteria or MASCC Risk Index are more likely to develop serious complications of febrile neutropenia including intensive care unit admission, confusion, cardiac complications, respiratory failure, renal failure, hypotension, bleeding, and death (Table 2).