Farmer's lung pathophysiology
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Overview
The pathogenesis of the Farmer's lung disease is type 3 or type 4 hypersensitivity reaction.
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis:
Hypersensitivity reaction because of the many immunologic phenomenon present and antibodies of organism invasion into tissues.
Acute-
- Type 3 hypersensitivity
- When moldy hay antigens complex with antibodies, to bind complements and attract neutrophils, causing inflammation by release of their toxic enzymes and radicals.[1]
Chronic-
- Type 4 hypersensitivity
- mononuclear cell inflammation and granuloma.
Unifying hypothesis-
Sensitized pulmonary alveolar macrophages activated by antigen attract neutrophils and also modulate T cell activity leading to appearance of mononuclear cells and granuloma.[2]
Genetics
There are no established genetic predispositions.
Associated Conditions
There are no associated conditions.
Gross Pathology
Acute phase-
- Pulmonary alveolar wall and interstitial accumulation of neutrophils, mononuclear cells and edema.
- Obstructive bronchiolitis and capillary inflammation is present.
Late phase-
- mononuclear cell predominant
- presence of noncaseating granuloma
Microscopic Pathology