Elongation factor

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Elongation factors are a set of proteins that facilitate the events of translational elongation, the steps in protein synthesis from the formation of the first peptide bond to the formation of the last one.

Elongation is the most rapid step in translation:

• in prokaryotes it proceeds at a rate of 15 to 20 amino acids added per second (about 60 nucleotides per second)
• in eukaryotes the rate is about two amino acids per second.

Elongation factors play a role in orchestrating the events of this process, and in ensuring the 99.99% accuracy of translation at this speed.

See also

• Prokaryotic elongation factors
• Eukaryotic elongation factors

Cornybacterium diptheriae alters protein function in the host by inactivating elongation factor (EF-2). This causes pharyngitis and 'pseudomembrane' in the throat.

References

• Alberts, B. et al. (2002). Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th ed. New York: Garland Science. ISBN 0-8153-3218-1
• Berg, J. M. et al. (2002). Biochemistry, 5th ed. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. ISBN 0-7167-3051-0
• Singh, B. D. (2002). Fundamentals of Genetics, New Delhi, India: Kalyani Publishers. ISBN 81-7663-109-4

External links

• MeSH Elongation+Factor
• EC 3.6.5.3

v • d • e Protein biosynthesis: translation (prokaryotic, eukaryotic)
Ribosomal proteins	Initiation factor (Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic) - Elongation factor (Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic) - Release factor (Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic) - Ribosomal protein s6
Other concepts	Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase - Reading frame - Start codon - Shine-Dalgarno sequence/Kozak consensus sequence

v • d • e Acid anhydride hydrolases: GTPases/G proteins (EC 3.6.5)
3.6.5.1: Heterotrimeric G protein	Gαs - Gαi (GNAI1, GNAI2, GNAI3) - Gαq/11 (GNAQ, GNA11) - Gα12/13 (GNA12, GNA13) - Transducin (GNAT1, GNAT2)
3.6.5.2: Small GTPase > Ras superfamily	Ras - Rab (Rab27) - Arf (Arf6) - Ran - Rheb - Rho family (RhoA, RhoB, CDC42, Rac1) - Rap
3.6.5.3: Elongation factor	Prokaryotic - Eukaryotic
3.6.5.5-6: Other	Dynamin (is a GTPase, is not a G protein) - Tubulin