Dysphoria

You don't need to be Editor-In-Chief to add or edit content to WikiDoc. You can begin to add to or edit text on this WikiDoc page by clicking on the edit button at the top of this page. Next enter or edit the information that you would like to appear here. Once you are done editing, scroll down and click the Save page button at the bottom of the page.

Dysphoria (from Greek δύσφορος (dysphoros), from δυσ-, difficult, and φέρω, to bear) is generally characterized as an unpleasant or uncomfortable mood, such as sadness (depressed mood), anxiety, irritability, or restlessness.^[1] Etymologically, it is the opposite of euphoria.

Dysphoria refers only to a condition of mood and may be experienced in response to ordinary life events, such as illness or grief. Additionally, it is a feature of many psychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorders and mood disorders. Dysphoria is usually experienced during depressive episodes, but in people with bipolar disorder, it may also be experienced during manic or hypomanic episodes.^[1] Dysphoria in the context of a mood disorder indicates a heightened risk of suicide.^[1]

Dysphoria can be chemically induced by substances including mu-opioid antagonists^[1] and selective kappa-opioid agonists.^[1] Dysphoria is also one of the symptoms of hypoglycemia.^{[citation needed]}

Conditions related to dysphoria

The following conditions may include dysphoria as a major component or symptom.

• Clinical depression (unipolar) and dysthymia
• Premenstrual Syndrome
• Bipolar disorder^[1]
• General anxiety disorder
• Gender identity disorder, sometimes called gender dysphoria
• Personality disorders such as borderline personality disorder and avoidant personality disorder
• Substance withdrawal
• Body dysmorphic disorder
• Hypoglycemia

"Dysphoria" is also the name of an alternative-rock band based in Alexandria, Virginia. Band members include Kyle Lynn and Blair Hicks.

Notes

References

• Abbess, John F. Glossary of terms in the field of psychiatry and neurology. Retrieved on 2006-11-18.
• "Dysphoria." Alleydog.com Psychology Glossary.
• Metcalf, Matthew; and Coop, Andrew (2005). "Kappa Opioid Antagonists: Past Successes and Future Prospects". The AAPS Journal 7 (3): E704-E722. American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists. ISSN 1522-1059. Retrieved on 2006-11-19.
• Read, Kimberly (2006). What is dysphoria?. Your Guide to Bipolar Disorder. About.com. Retrieved on 2006-11-19.Template:Psych-stub

de:Dysphorie fr:Dysphorie it:Disforia uz:Disforiyafi:Dysforia sv:Dysfori