Dioxygen difluoride
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| Dioxygen difluoride | |
|---|---|
| Image:Dioxygen-difluoride-3D-balls.png | |
| Image:Dioxygen-difluoride-3D-vdW.png | |
| Other names | dioxygen difluoride fluorine dioxide difluorine dioxide perfluoroperoxide |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [7783-44-0] |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | F2O2 |
| Molar mass | 69.996 g mol−1 |
| Melting point |
−154 °C |
| Boiling point |
−57 °C (extrapolated) |
| Solubility in other solvents | decomp. |
| Related Compounds | |
| Related compounds | OF2, FClO2 S2Cl2 |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references | |
Dioxygen difluoride is a compound with the formula O2F2. This yellow compound is a strong oxidant and decomposes into OF2 and oxygen even at -160 °C (4% per day).[1]
Contents |
Preparation
Dioxygen difluoride can be obtained by subjecting a 1:1 mixture of gaseous fluorine and oxygen at low pressure (7-17 mmgHg is optimal)[citation needed] to an electric discharge of 25-30 mA at 2.1-2.4 kV. This is basically the reaction used for the first synthesis by Otto Ruff in 1933.[1]Another synthesis involves mixing O2 and F2 in a stainless steel vessel cooled to −196 °C, followed by exposing the elements to 3 MeV bremsstrahlung for several hours.[citation needed]
Structure and electronic description
In O2F2 oxygen is assigned the unusual oxidation state of +1. In most of its other compounds, oxygen has an oxidation state of −2.
The structure of dioxygen difluoride resembles that of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, in its large dihedral angle, which approaches 90°. This geometry conforms with the predictions of VSEPR theory. The O−O bond length is within 2 pm of the 120.7 pm distance for the O=O double bond in dioxygen, O2.
The bonding within dioxygen difluoride has been the subject of considerable speculation over the years, particularly because of the very short O-O distance and the long O-F distances. Bridgeman has proposed a scheme which essentially has an O-O triple bond and an O-F single bond that is destabilised and lengthened by repulsion between the lone pairs on the fluorine atoms and the π-orbitals of the O-O bond.[1] Repulsion involving the fluorine lone pairs is also responsible for the long and weak covalent bonding in the fluorine molecule.
Reactivity
The overarching property of this unstable compound is its oxidizing power, despite the fact that all reactions must be conducted near −100 °C.[1] With BF3 and PF5, it gives the corresponding dioxygenyl salts:[1]
- 2O2F2 + 2PF5 → 2[O2+]PF6− + F2
It converts uranium and plutonium oxides into the corresponding hexafluorides.[1]
References
