Cholesterol emboli syndrome causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nasrin Nikravangolsefid, MD-MPH [2]
Overview
Common causes of Cholesterol emboli syndrome (CES) include spontaneously due to atherosclerosis of the large arteries and iatrogenic secondary to medical interventions such as vascular surgery or angiography. Less common causes of CES include intake of anticoagulants such as warfarin or thrombolytic medications.
Causes
- Common causes of Cholesterol emboli syndrome (CES) include:
- spontaneously (25%): It usually occurs in patients with severe atherosclerosis of the large arteries such as aorta.
- Iatrogenic (75%): a complication of medical procedures involving the blood vessels, such as vascular surgery or angiography.
- The incidence of CES after coronary catheterization is 1.4%. [1]
- But the overall prevalence of CES after coronary catheterization is 25% to 30%. [2]
- less Common causes of Cholesterol emboli syndrome (CES) include:
- intake of anticoagulants such as warfarin or thrombolytic medications such as tissue plasminogen activatorthat decrease blood clotting or dissolve blood clots, respectively. They probably lead to cholesterol emboli by removing blood clots that cover up a damaged atherosclerotic plaque; cholesterol-rich debris can then enter the bloodsteam. [3] [4]
References
- ↑ Fukumoto, Yoshihiro; Tsutsui, Hiroyuki; Tsuchihashi, Miyuki; Masumoto, Akihiro; Takeshita, Akira (2003). "The incidence and risk factors of cholesterol embolization syndrome, a complication of cardiac catheterization: a prospective study". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 42 (2): 211–216. doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00579-5. ISSN 0735-1097.
- ↑ Ramirez, German (1978). "Cholesterol Embolization". Archives of Internal Medicine. 138 (9): 1430. doi:10.1001/archinte.1978.03630340096035. ISSN 0003-9926.
- ↑ Feder, Walter (1961). ""Purple Toes": an Uncommon Sequela of Oral Coumarin Drug Therapy". Annals of Internal Medicine. 55 (6): 911. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-55-6-911. ISSN 0003-4819.
- ↑ Shapiro LS (1989). "Cholesterol embolization after treatment with tissue plasminogen activator". N Engl J Med. 321 (18): 1270. doi:10.1056/NEJM198911023211816. PMID 2507919.