Chloric acid
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| Chloric acid | |
|---|---|
| Image:Chloric-acid-2D.png | |
| Image:Chloric-acid-3D-vdW.png | |
| Other names | Chloric(V) acid |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | HClO3 |
| Molar mass | 84.45914 g mol−1 |
| Appearance | colourless solution |
| Density | 1 g/mL, solution (approximate) |
| Solubility in water | >40 g/100 ml (20 °C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | ca. −1 |
| Structure | |
| Molecular shape | pyramidal |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Oxidant |
| Related Compounds | |
| Other anions | bromic acid iodic acid |
| Other cations | ammonium chlorate sodium chlorate potassium chlorate |
| Related compounds | hydrochloric acid hypochlorous acid chlorous acid perchloric acid |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references | |
Chloric acid, HClO3, is an oxoacid of chlorine, and the formal precursor of chlorate salts. It is a strong acid (pKa ≈ −1) and oxidising agent.
It is prepared by the reaction of sulfuric acid with barium chlorate, the insoluble barium sulfate being removed by precipitation:
- Ba(ClO3)2 + H2SO4 → 2HClO3 + BaSO4
Another method is the heating of hypochlorous acid, of which productions include chloric acid and hydrogen chloride:
- 3HClO → HClO3 + 2 HCl
It is stable in cold aqueous solution up to a concentration of approximately 30%, and solution of up to 40% can be prepared by careful evaporation under reduced pressure. Above these concentrations, and on warming, chloric acid solutions decompose to give a variety of products, for example:
- 8HClO3 → 4HClO4 + 2H2O + 2Cl2 + 3 O2
- 3HClO3 → HClO4 + H2O + 2 ClO2
The decomposition is controlled by kinetic factors: indeed, chloric acid is never thermodynamically stable with respect to disproportionation.
See also
References
 |
The references in this article would be clearer with a different or consistent style of citation, footnoting, or external linking. |
- King, R. B. (Ed.) (1994) Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 2, p. 658. Chichester:Wiley. ISBN 0-471-93620-0Template:Inorganic-compound-stub
de:Chlorsäure it:Acido clorico nl:Waterstofchloraat ja:塩素酸sr:Хлорна киселина
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