Autoimmune retinopathy causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: M. Hassan, M.B.B.S
Overview
As with all autoimmune diseases, autoimmune retinopathy is caused by antibodies cross reacting against the retinal, and retinal like antigens.
Main antibodies against retinal proteins associated with AIR include, anti-recoverin, anti-alpha-enolase, anti-transducin, anti-CAII, anti-arrestin, anti-rhodopsin, anti-Muller glial cells, anti-mitofilin, anti-tintin, anti-COX. However, seronegative disease is also common.
Causes
As with all autoimmune diseases, autoimmune retinopathy is caused by antibodies cross reacting against the retinal, and retinal like antigens. [1]
Main antibodies against retinal proteins associated with AIR include, anti-recoverin, anti-alpha-enolase, anti-transducin, anti-carbonic anhydrase II, anti-arrestin, anti-rhodopsin, anti-Muller glial cells, anti-mitofilin, anti-tintin, anti-COX. However, seronegative disease is also common.
Anti-recoverin is associated with rapid onset and visual decline as compared to anti-alpha-enolase. [2]
| Type of Autoimmune retinopathy | Antibody specificity |
|---|---|
| Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) | Anti-recoverin, Anti-alpha-enolase, Anti-transducin, Anti-carbonic anhydrase II |
| Melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR) | Anti-transducin, Anti-carbonic anhydrase II, Anti-arrestin, Anti-rhodopsin, Anti-Muller glial cells,
Anti-mitofilin (mitochondrial protein), Anti-tintin, Anti-COX (cytochrome c oxidase, assembly mitochondrial protein) |
| Non-paraneoplastic AIR (npAIR) | Anti-alpha-enolase, Anti-transducin, Anti-carbonic anhydrase II |
References
- ↑ Dutta Majumder P, Marchese A, Pichi F, Garg I, Agarwal A (2020). "An update on autoimmune retinopathy". Indian J Ophthalmol. 68 (9): 1829–1837. doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_786_20. PMC 7690499 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 32823399 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Canamary AM, Takahashi WY, Sallum JMF (2018). "Autoimmune retinopathy: A Review". Int J Retina Vitreous. 4: 1. doi:10.1186/s40942-017-0104-9. PMC 5759752. PMID 29340169.