Aspergillosis
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| Aspergillosis Classification and external resources | |
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| Histopathologic image of pulmonary invasive aspergillosis in a patient with interstitial pneumonia. Autopsy material. Grocott's methenamine silver stain. | |
| ICD-10 | B44. |
| ICD-9 | 117.3 |
| MedlinePlus | 001326 |
| eMedicine | med/174 |
| MeSH | D001228 |
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Ongoing Trials on Aspergillosis at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Aspergillosis Clinical Trials on Aspergillosis at Google
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US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Aspergillosis NICE Guidance on Aspergillosis
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Aspergillosis is the name given to a wide variety of diseases caused by the genus of fungi Aspergillus. The most common forms are allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, pulmonary aspergilloma and invasive aspergillosis. Compromised immune systems often allow Aspergillus to colonize.
Symptoms
A fungus ball in the lungs may cause no symptoms and may be discovered only with a chest x-ray. Or it may cause repeated coughing up of blood and—rarely—severe, even fatal, bleeding. A rapidly invasive Aspergillus infection in the lungs often causes cough, fever, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.
Aspergillosis affecting the deeper tissues makes a person very ill. Symptoms include fever, chills, shock, delirium, and blood clots. The person may develop kidney failure, liver failure (causing jaundice), and breathing difficulties. Death can occur quickly.
Aspergillosis of the ear canal causes itching and occasionally pain. Fluid draining overnight from the ear may leave a stain on the pillow. Aspergillosis of the sinuses causes a feeling of congestion and sometimes pain or discharge.
In addition to the symptoms, an x-ray or computerised tomography (CT) scan of the infected area provides clues for making the diagnosis. Whenever possible, a doctor sends a sample of infected material to a laboratory to confirm identification of the fungus.
Diagnosis
On chest X-ray and computed tomography pulmonary aspergillosis classically manifests as an air crescent sign.[1]
Treatment
The drugs amphotericin B, caspofungin, flucytosine, itraconazole, voriconazole [2] are used to treat this fungal infection.
Notable Outbreaks
Aspergillosis has been the culprit in several recent rapid die-offs among waterfowl. From December 8-14, 2006 over 2,000 Mallards died in the Burley, Idaho area, an agricultural community approximately 150 miles southeast of Boise. Moldy waste grain from the farmland and feedlots in the area is the suspected source. A similar aspergillosis outbreak killed 500 mallards in Iowa in 2005. Moldy grain was the cause in that case.
Mallards and other ducks are particularly susceptible to Aspergillosis as they will often resort to poor food sources during bad weather.
Albeit relatively rare in humans, aspergillosis is a common and dangerous infection in birds, particularly in pet parrots and parakeets.
While there is no connection between Aspergillosis and the H5N1 strain of Avian Influenza (commonly called "bird flu"), the rapid die-offs it causes can spark fears of a bird-flu outbreak in the communities where the die-offs occur. There is no outwardly visible sign off the fungal infection as the cause; laboratory analysis is the only way to prove or disprove bird-flu or Aspergillosis.
References
- ↑ Curtis A, Smith G, Ravin C (Oct 1979). "Air crescent sign of invasive aspergillosis.". Radiology 133 (1): 17-21. PMID 472287.
- ↑ Herbrecht R, Denning D, Patterson T, Bennett J, Greene R, Oestmann J, Kern W, Marr K, Ribaud P, Lortholary O, Sylvester R, Rubin R, Wingard J, Stark P, Durand C, Caillot D, Thiel E, Chandrasekar P, Hodges M, Schlamm H, Troke P, de Pauw B; Invasive Fungal Infections Group of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Global Aspergillus Study Group. (Aug 8 2002). "Voriconazole versus amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis.". N Engl J Med 347 (6): 408-15. PMID 12167683.
External links
- Aspergillus - aspergillus.org.uk
- Aspergillosis -doctorfungus.org
- USGS National Wildlife Health Center - www.nwhc.usgs.gov
Infectious diseases - Mycoses (B35-B49, 110-118) | |||||||||
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| Subcutaneous, systemic, and opportunistic |
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WikiDoc Research Resources for Aspergillosis | |
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| Articles on Aspergillosis | Most recent articles on Aspergillosis • Most cited articles on Aspergillosis • Review articles on Aspergillosis • Articles on Aspergillosis in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ |
| Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Aspergillosis | Powerpoint slides on Aspergillosis • Images of Aspergillosis • Photos of Aspergillosis • Podcasts & MP3s on Aspergillosis • Videos on Aspergillosis |
| Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Aspergillosis | Cochrane Collaboration on Aspergillosis • Bandolier on Aspergillosis • TRIP on Aspergillosis |
| Cost Effectiveness of Aspergillosis | Cost Effectiveness of Aspergillosis |
| Clinical Trials Involving Aspergillosis | Ongoing Trials on Aspergillosis at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Aspergillosis • Clinical Trials on Aspergillosis at Google |
| Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Aspergillosis | US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Aspergillosis • NICE Guidance on Aspergillosis • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Aspergillosis • CDC on Aspergillosis |
| Textbook Information on Aspergillosis | Books and Textbook Information on Aspergillosis |
| Pharmacology Resources on Aspergillosis | Dosing of Aspergillosis • Drug interactions with Aspergillosis • Side effects of Aspergillosis • Allergic reactions to Aspergillosis • Overdose information on Aspergillosis • Carcinogenicity information on Aspergillosis • Aspergillosis in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Aspergillosis • |
| Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Aspergillosis | Genetics of Aspergillosis • Pharmacogenomics of Aspergillosis • Proteomics of Aspergillosis |
| Newstories on Aspergillosis | Aspergillosis in the news • Be alerted to news on Aspergillosis • News trends on Aspergillosis |
| Commentary on Aspergillosis | Blogs on Aspergillosis |
| Patient Resources on Aspergillosis | Patient resources on Aspergillosis • Discussion groups on Aspergillosis • Patient Handouts on Aspergillosis • Directions to Hospitals Treating Aspergillosis • Risk calculators and risk factors for Aspergillosis |
| Healthcare Provider Resources on Aspergillosis | Symptoms of Aspergillosis • Causes & Risk Factors for Aspergillosis • Diagnostic studies for Aspergillosis • Treatment of Aspergillosis |
| Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Aspergillosis | CME Programs on Aspergillosis |
| International Resources on Aspergillosis | Aspergillosis en Espanol • Aspergillosis en Francais |
| Business Resources on Aspergillosis | Aspergillosis in the Marketplace • Patents on Aspergillosis |
| Informatics Resources on Aspergillosis | List of terms related to Aspergillosis |
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
