Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis largely remain unknown. Other common risk factors associated include: Age, Smoking, oxidative stress.
Risk Factors
Common Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of [Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis] include:
- Smoking
- Cigarette smoke might be considered an established risk factor for Sporadic Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (level A rating, 3 class II studies, 1 class III study).[1]
- Chemical exposure
- ALS has shown an association with exposure to agricultural chemicals such as pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides, and formaldehyde.[2]
- Among all the heavy metals that might be associated with ALS, lead exposure seems to be studied the most possibly due to the ALS-like symptoms experienced by people exposed to high concentrations of lead.[3]
- Radiation
- Diet
- Genetic causes[6]
- Smoking
References
- ↑ Armon C (2009). "Smoking may be considered an established risk factor for sporadic ALS". Neurology. 73 (20): 1693–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c1df48. PMC 2788806. PMID 19917993.
- ↑ Welty DF, Schielke GP, Rothstein JD (1995). "Potential treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with gabapentin: a hypothesis". Ann Pharmacother. 29 (11): 1164–7. doi:10.1177/106002809502901118. PMID 8573965.
- ↑ Kamel F, Umbach DM, Munsat TL, Shefner JM, Hu H, Sandler DP (2002). "Lead exposure and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Epidemiology. 13 (3): 311–9. PMID 11964933.
- ↑ Morozova N, Weisskopf MG, McCullough ML, Munger KL, Calle EE, Thun MJ; et al. (2008). "Diet and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Epidemiology. 19 (2): 324–37. doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181632c5d. PMID 18300717.
- ↑ Veldink JH, Kalmijn S, Groeneveld GJ, Wunderink W, Koster A, de Vries JH; et al. (2007). "Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E reduces the risk of developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 78 (4): 367–71. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2005.083378. PMC 2077791. PMID 16648143.
- ↑ Deivasigamani S, Verma HK, Ueda R, Ratnaparkhi A, Ratnaparkhi GS (2014). "A genetic screen identifies Tor as an interactor of VAPB in a Drosophila model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Biol Open. 3 (11): 1127–38. doi:10.1242/bio.201410066. PMC 4232771. PMID 25361581.