Aminocaproic acid
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| Aminocaproic acid
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| 6-aminohexanoic acid | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | B02 |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C6H13NO2 |
| Mol. mass | 131.173 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Metabolism | Renal |
| Half life | 2 hours |
| Excretion | ? |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
? |
| Legal status | |
| Routes | ? |
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Aminocaproic acid (also known as Amicar, є-amino caproic acid, or 6-aminohexanoic acid) is a derivative and analogue of the amino acid lysine, which makes it an effective inhibitor for enzymes which bind that particular residue. Such enzymes include proteolytic enzymes (which break down proteins) including plasminogen, the enzyme responsible for fibrinolysis. For this reason it is effective in treatment of some bleeding disorders and is marketed as Amicar.
Mechanism of action
Aminocaproic acid works as an anti-fibrinolytic or anti-proteolytic. As a lysine analogue, it binds reversibly to the kringle domain of the enzyme plasminogen and blocks binding of fibrin, which is normally activated to plasmin.
Clinical use
Aminocaproic acid is used to treat excessive postoperative bleeding. It can be given orally or intravenously. One scenario where it may be useful is to treat bleeding after dental extractions in patients with hemophilia, because the oral mucosa is rich in plasminogen activators. A meta-analysis found that lysine analogs like aminocaproic acid significantly reduced blood loss in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
Side effects
Its side effects are mainly related to the gastrointestinal tract and include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. It may cause generalised myalgia. The main risk associated with aminocaproic acid is the increased risk for thrombosis because of the inhibition of fibrinolysis.
Other uses
Aminocaproic acid is occasionally used in BN-PAGE buffers, not for its effects as a proteolysis inhibitor, but to solubilize membrane proteins in place of sodium chloride (which is incompatible with PAGE in the necessary concentration). Percent recovery of protein complexes increases linearly with the concentration of inhibitor (between 125 mM and 750 mM)[1].
References
- ↑ Schägger, H and Von Jagow, G (1991). Blue Native Electrophoresis for Isolation of Membrane Protein Complexes in Enzymatically Active Form. Analytical Biochemistry 199 (2): 223-231.
Antihemorrhagics (B02) | |
|---|---|
| Antifibrinolytics | amino acids (Aminocaproic acid, Tranexamic acid, Aminomethylbenzoic acid) - serpins (Aprotinin, Alfa1 antitrypsin, C1-inhibitor, Camostat) |
| Vitamin K | Phytomenadione - Menadione |
| Fibrinogen | Fibrinogen |
| Local hemostatics | Absorbable gelatin sponge - Oxidized cellulose - Tetragalacturonic acid hydroxymethylester - Adrenalone - Thrombin - Collagen - Calcium alginate - Epinephrine |
| Blood coagulation factors | IX - II - VII - X - VIII - Eptacog alfa - Nonacog alfa - Thrombin |
| Other systemic hemostatics | Etamsylate - Carbazochrome - Batroxobin |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
