Zika virus infection pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Zika | Zika virus is a vector-borne pathogen transmitted via the ''Aedes'' mosquito that also transmit the [[Dengue virus|dengue]] and [[Chikungunya virus|chikungunya]] viruses. Human-to-human transmission may be possible by sexual intercourse but has not been confirmed. Zika virus is thought to initially replicate in dendritic cells near the site of [[Inoculation|inoculation]] before spreading to [[Lymph node|lymph nodes]] and then the [[Blood|bloodstream]]. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Revision as of 16:36, 17 February 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D.; Nate Michalak, B.A.; Serge Korjian M.D.
Overview
Zika virus is a vector-borne pathogen transmitted via the Aedes mosquito that also transmit the dengue and chikungunya viruses. Human-to-human transmission may be possible by sexual intercourse but has not been confirmed. Zika virus is thought to initially replicate in dendritic cells near the site of inoculation before spreading to lymph nodes and then the bloodstream.
Pathophysiology
Transmission
- Zika virus is primarily transmitted to humans via the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito. These mosquitoes are also vectors for dengue and chikungunya viruses.[1][2]
- Transmission of Zika virus to a fetus from an infected mother is possible, but rare.
- Zika virus has also been suspected to be sexually transmitted between humans.
- There are no reports of infants acquiring Zika virus through breastfeeding.
- Transmission through blood transfusion is possible as Zika virus has been identified in asymptomatic donors during an ongoing outbreak.[2]
Pathogenesis
- Mosquito-borne Zika virus is thought to initially replicate in dendritic cells near the site of inoculation before spreading to lymph nodes and then the bloodstream.
- One study indicates that Zika virus replicates in cellular nuclei, as opposed to other flaviviruses that do so in the cytoplasm.[3]
- Zika virus can be killed by potassium permanganate, ether, temperatures >60°C, but is not effectively neutralized by 10% ethanol.[1]
Associated Conditions
- There was a significant increase in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome and congenital microcephaly during the 2014 Zika virus outbreak in French Polynesia and 2015 Zika virus outbreak in Brazil.
- A causal relationship between Zika virus infection and neurological/neurodevelopmental impairments in currently under investigation.[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hayes EB (2009). "Zika virus outside Africa". Emerg Infect Dis. 15 (9): 1347–50. doi:10.3201/eid1509.090442. PMC 2819875. PMID 19788800.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Zika Virus Transmission. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (June 1, 2015). http://www.cdc.gov/zika/transmission/index.html Accessed on December 17, 2015
- ↑ Buckley A, Gould EA (1988). "Detection of virus-specific antigen in the nuclei or nucleoli of cells infected with Zika or Langat virus". J Gen Virol. 69 ( Pt 8): 1913–20. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-69-8-1913. PMID 2841406.
- ↑ Factsheet for health professionals. European Centre for Disease PRevention and Control (November 27, 2015). http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/zika_virus_infection/factsheet-health-professionals/Pages/factsheet_health_professionals.aspx Accessed on December 21, 2015.