Zika virus

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This page is about microbiologic aspects of the organism(s).  For clinical aspects of the disease, see Zika virus infection.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nate Michalak, B.A.

Zika virus
rash on arm due to Zika virus
rash on arm due to Zika virus
Virus classification
Group: Group IV ((+)ssRNA)
Family: Flaviviridae
Genus: Flavivirus
Species: Zika virus

Organism

  • Zika virus, also known as ZIKV, is an enveloped, icosahedral virus with a single-stranded, positive sense RNA genome. The most closely related virus is the Spondweni virus and is one of the two viruses in the Spondweni virus clade.[1]
  • The ZIKV genome consists of 10,794 nucleotides that encode 3,419 amino acids[2]
  • ZIKV is a member of the Flaviviridae family and of the flavivirus genus.
  • There are two lineages for ZIKV: African and Asian.[2]

Human Pathogen

Transmission of ZIKV to humans is believed to occur through infected mosquitoes. The following species have been identified as vectors for the virus:[3]

ZIKV has also been proven to be sexually transmitted between humans by Brian Foy, a biologist at Colorado State University, in 2009.[4] ZIKV has been detected in amniotic fluid which indicates that the virus can cross the placental barrier and possibly infect a fetus.[5] Mosquito-borne ZIKV is thought to initially replicate in dendritic cells near the site of inoculation before spreading to lymph nodes and then the bloodstream.[2]

Refererences

  1. FIELDS, B. N., KNIPE, D. M., & HOWLEY, P. M. (2007). Fields virology. Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Hayes EB (2009). "Zika virus outside Africa". Emerg Infect Dis. 15 (9): 1347–50. doi:10.3201/eid1509.090442. PMC 2819875. PMID 19788800.
  3. Duffy, Mark R.; Chen, Tai-Ho; Hancock, W. Thane; Powers, Ann M.; Kool, Jacob L.; Lanciotti, Robert S.; Pretrick, Moses; Marfel, Maria; Holzbauer, Stacey; Dubray, Christine; Guillaumot, Laurent; Griggs, Anne; Bel, Martin; Lambert, Amy J.; Laven, Janeen; Kosoy, Olga; Panella, Amanda; Biggerstaff, Brad J.; Fischer, Marc; Hayes, Edward B. (2009). "Zika Virus Outbreak on Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia". New England Journal of Medicine. 360 (24): 2536–2543. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0805715. ISSN 0028-4793.
  4. Foy, B. D.; Kobylinski, K. C.; Foy, J. L. C.; Blitvich, B. J.; Travassos Da Rosa, A.; Haddow, A. D.; Lanciotti, R. S.; Tesh, R. B. (2011). "Probable Non–Vector-borne Transmission of Zika Virus, Colorado, USA". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 17 (5): 880–882. doi:10.3201/eid1705.101939. PMC 3321795. PMID 21529401.
  5. http://www.cdc.gov/zika/transmission/index.html CDC Transmission