Waldenström's macroglobulinemia laboratory findings: Difference between revisions

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====Plasma viscosity====
====Plasma viscosity====
*The normal Plasma viscosity is 1.8 centipoise. Patients start presenting with hyperviscosity symptoms when viscosity >4 centipoise.
*The normal Plasma viscosity is 1.8 centipoise. Patients start presenting with hyperviscosity symptoms when viscosity >4 centipoise.<ref name="LR">Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. UpToDate (2015)http://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-pathogenesis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-waldenstrom-macroglobulinemia?source=machineLearning&search=Waldenström%27s+macroglobulinemia&selectedTitle=1%7E80&sectionRank=3&anchor=H29#H18 Accessed on November 10, 2015</ref>
*Plasma viscosity should be measured in patients presenting with hyper viscosity syndrome whenever the monoclonal IgM protein spike is >4 g/dL.<ref name="LR">Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. UpToDate (2015)http://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-pathogenesis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-waldenstrom-macroglobulinemia?source=machineLearning&search=Waldenström%27s+macroglobulinemia&selectedTitle=1%7E80&sectionRank=3&anchor=H29#H18 Accessed on November 10, 2015</ref>
*Plasma viscosity should be measured in patients presenting with hyper viscosity syndrome whenever the monoclonal IgM protein spike is >4 g/dL.




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Revision as of 15:42, 10 November 2015

Waldenström's macroglobulinemia Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mirdula Sharma, MBBS [2]

Overview

Laboratory Findings

Complete blood count

  • Normocytic normochromic anemia - presents in 80% of patients[1]
  • Leukopenia
  • Thrombocytopenia - presents in 50% of patients with bleeding diathesis

Peripheral smear

  • Plasmacytoid lymphocytes
  • Normocytic normochromic red blood cells
  • Rouleaux formation

Chemistry lab tests

  • Lactate dehydrogenase - is elevated indicating the extent of tissue involvement.
  • Creatinine is elevated.
  • Electrolyte abnormalities can be present with hypercalcemia in 4% of patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.
  • Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and uric acid may be elevated.
  • Renal and hepatic function
  • Total protein levels
  • Albumin-to-globulin ratio
  • Rheumatoid factor, cryoglobulins, direct antiglobulin test and cold agglutinin titre results can be positive.
  • Beta-2-microglobulin is elevated in proportion to tumor mass.
  • Coaglulation studies can be abnormal with elevated prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin time.

Nerve conduction study

Plasma viscosity

  • The normal Plasma viscosity is 1.8 centipoise. Patients start presenting with hyperviscosity symptoms when viscosity >4 centipoise.[2]
  • Plasma viscosity should be measured in patients presenting with hyper viscosity syndrome whenever the monoclonal IgM protein spike is >4 g/dL.


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