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Rim Halaby (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{WBRQuestion |QuestionAuthor={{Rim}} |ExamType=USMLE Step 1 |MainCategory=Pharmacology |SubCategory=Renal |MainCategory=Pharmacology |SubCategory=Renal |MainCategory=Pharmaco...") |
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|SubCategory=Renal | |SubCategory=Renal | ||
|Prompt=A 76 year old male patient who has recently been diagnosed with heart failure presents to the physician’s office complaining of dyspnea at rest and fatigue. Physical examination reveals jugular venous distension and bilateral lower extremity pitting edema. Pulmonary auscultation reveals crackles at the base of lungs bilaterally. The physician prescribes a diuretic to relieve his symptoms. Several weeks later, the patient’s routine work-up reveals elevated serum calcium and uric acid levels. Based on the image below, the diuretic prescribed to this patient acts at the level of which segment of the nephron? | |Prompt=A 76 year old male patient who has recently been diagnosed with heart failure presents to the physician’s office complaining of dyspnea at rest and fatigue. Physical examination reveals jugular venous distension and bilateral lower extremity pitting edema. Pulmonary auscultation reveals crackles at the base of lungs bilaterally. The physician prescribes a diuretic to relieve his symptoms. Several weeks later, the patient’s routine work-up reveals elevated serum calcium and uric acid levels. Based on the image below, the diuretic prescribed to this patient acts at the level of which segment of the nephron? | ||
|Explanation=Thiazide diuretics inhibit NaCl reabsorption at the level of the distal tubule. Thiazides are commonly prescribed for patients with heart failure. Common side effects include hyperGLUC: hyperGlycemia, hyperLipidemia, hyperUricemia, and hyperCalcemia. | |||
[[Image:Nephron.jpg]] | |||
|Explanation=[[Thiazide diuretics]] inhibit NaCl reabsorption at the level of the distal tubule. Thiazides are commonly prescribed for patients with heart failure. Common side effects include hyperGLUC: hyperGlycemia, hyperLipidemia, hyperUricemia, and hyperCalcemia. | |||
Educational Objective: | Educational Objective: | ||
Thiazide diuretics inhibit NaCl reabsorption by inhibiting the NaCl channel in the distal tubule. They are commonly prescribed for patients with heart failure. Common side effects include hyperGLUC: hyperGlycemia, hyperLipidemia, hyperUricemia, and hyperCalcemia. | Thiazide diuretics inhibit NaCl reabsorption by inhibiting the NaCl channel in the distal tubule. They are commonly prescribed for patients with heart failure. Common side effects include hyperGLUC: hyperGlycemia, hyperLipidemia, hyperUricemia, and hyperCalcemia. | ||
|AnswerA=A | |AnswerA=A | ||
|AnswerAExp=The proximal tubule is the site of action of osmotic diuretics, like mannitol, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, like acetazolamide. | |AnswerAExp=The proximal tubule is the site of action of osmotic diuretics, like mannitol, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, like acetazolamide. | ||
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|AnswerDExp=Thiazide diuretics inhibit NaCl reabsorption at the level of the distal tubule. Side effects of thiazide diuretics include hypercalcemia and hyperuricemia. | |AnswerDExp=Thiazide diuretics inhibit NaCl reabsorption at the level of the distal tubule. Side effects of thiazide diuretics include hypercalcemia and hyperuricemia. | ||
|AnswerE=E | |AnswerE=E | ||
|AnswerEExp=The collecting duct is the main site of action of aldosterone receptor antagonists, like spironolactone. | |AnswerEExp=The collecting duct is the main site of action of aldosterone receptor antagonists, like spironolactone. | ||
|RightAnswer=D | |RightAnswer=D | ||
|Approved=No | |Approved=No | ||
}} | }} | ||
Revision as of 01:42, 15 September 2013
| Author | [[PageAuthor::Rim Halaby, M.D. [1]]] |
|---|---|
| Exam Type | ExamType::USMLE Step 1 |
| Main Category | MainCategory::Pharmacology |
| Sub Category | SubCategory::Renal |
| Prompt | [[Prompt::A 76 year old male patient who has recently been diagnosed with heart failure presents to the physician’s office complaining of dyspnea at rest and fatigue. Physical examination reveals jugular venous distension and bilateral lower extremity pitting edema. Pulmonary auscultation reveals crackles at the base of lungs bilaterally. The physician prescribes a diuretic to relieve his symptoms. Several weeks later, the patient’s routine work-up reveals elevated serum calcium and uric acid levels. Based on the image below, the diuretic prescribed to this patient acts at the level of which segment of the nephron?
|
| Answer A | AnswerA::A |
| Answer A Explanation | AnswerAExp::The proximal tubule is the site of action of osmotic diuretics, like mannitol, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, like acetazolamide. |
| Answer B | AnswerB::B |
| Answer B Explanation | AnswerBExp::Thin descending loop of Henle is not the site of action of any diuretic. |
| Answer C | AnswerC::C |
| Answer C Explanation | AnswerCExp::Thick ascending loop of Henle is the site of action of loop diuretics. |
| Answer D | AnswerD::D |
| Answer D Explanation | AnswerDExp::Thiazide diuretics inhibit NaCl reabsorption at the level of the distal tubule. Side effects of thiazide diuretics include hypercalcemia and hyperuricemia. |
| Answer E | AnswerE::E |
| Answer E Explanation | AnswerEExp::The collecting duct is the main site of action of aldosterone receptor antagonists, like spironolactone. |
| Right Answer | RightAnswer::D |
| Explanation | [[Explanation::Thiazide diuretics inhibit NaCl reabsorption at the level of the distal tubule. Thiazides are commonly prescribed for patients with heart failure. Common side effects include hyperGLUC: hyperGlycemia, hyperLipidemia, hyperUricemia, and hyperCalcemia.
Educational Objective:
Thiazide diuretics inhibit NaCl reabsorption by inhibiting the NaCl channel in the distal tubule. They are commonly prescribed for patients with heart failure. Common side effects include hyperGLUC: hyperGlycemia, hyperLipidemia, hyperUricemia, and hyperCalcemia. |
| Approved | Approved::No |
| Keyword | |
| Linked Question | Linked:: |
| Order in Linked Questions | LinkedOrder:: |
