Ventricular septal defect natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Natural History== | ==Natural History== | ||
Natural history of unoperated ventricular septal defect | Natural history of unoperated [[ventricular septal defect]] | ||
==='''Restrictive ventricular septal defect''' === | ==='''Restrictive ventricular septal defect''' === | ||
* Small shunt (Qρ/Qѕ < 1.5/1.0 Qρ/Qs is pressure gradient between pulmonary and systemic circulation) | * Small shunt (Qρ/Qѕ < 1.5/1.0 Qρ/Qs is pressure gradient between pulmonary and systemic circulation) | ||
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==='''Moderately restrictive ventricular septal defect'''=== | ==='''Moderately restrictive ventricular septal defect'''=== | ||
* Moderate shunt (Qρ/Qѕ=1.5-2.5/1.0) | * Moderate shunt (Qρ/Qѕ=1.5-2.5/1.0) | ||
* Hemodynamic burden on left atrium and ventricle. | * Hemodynamic burden on [[left atrium ]]and [[ventricle]]. | ||
* Increase in pulmonary vascular resistance | * Increase in pulmonary vascular resistance | ||
* Atrial and ventricular arrhythmia can occur | * Atrial and ventricular arrhythmia can occur | ||
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* High left and right ventricular volume overload | * High left and right ventricular volume overload | ||
* High pulmonary vascular resistance | * High pulmonary vascular resistance | ||
* Eisenmenger syndrome | * [[Eisenmenger syndrome]] | ||
==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
* Spontaneous closure | * Spontaneous closure |
Revision as of 18:28, 25 August 2012
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Differentiating Ventricular Septal Defect from other Diseases | |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Keri Shafer, M.D. [2]; Atif Mohammad, M.D., Priyamvada Singh, MBBS
Overview
Natural History
Natural history of unoperated ventricular septal defect
Restrictive ventricular septal defect
- Small shunt (Qρ/Qѕ < 1.5/1.0 Qρ/Qs is pressure gradient between pulmonary and systemic circulation)
- No significant hemodynamic compromise
Moderately restrictive ventricular septal defect
- Moderate shunt (Qρ/Qѕ=1.5-2.5/1.0)
- Hemodynamic burden on left atrium and ventricle.
- Increase in pulmonary vascular resistance
- Atrial and ventricular arrhythmia can occur
Large or Non restrictive venticular defect
- High left and right ventricular volume overload
- High pulmonary vascular resistance
- Eisenmenger syndrome
Complications
- Spontaneous closure
- Endocarditis
- Aortic regurgitation
- Subaortic or subpulmonary stenosis
- Eisenmenger syndrome
- Atrial and ventricular arrhythmia can occur
Prognosis
Many small defects will close on their own. For those defects that do not spontaneously close, the outcome is good with surgical repair. Complications may result if a large defect is not treated.