Vaginal cancer classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Vaginal cancer may be classified according to histopathology into squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, vaginal germ cell tumor, and vaginal sarcoma.

Types of vaginal cancer

Types of vaginal cancer, in order of prevalence, include:

  • Vaginal squamous cell carcinoma:
  • Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for the majority of vaginal cancers.
  • The mean age at diagnosis of squamous cell carcinomas is approximately 60 years.[1]
  • These tumors may be nodular, ulcerative, indurated, endophytic, or exophytic. Histologically, they are similar to squamous cell tumors from other sites. Vaginal cancer is also associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV). However, vaginal epithelium is more stable than cervical epithelium, which undergoes constant metaplasia, and is thus less susceptible to oncogenic viruses [26].
  • Vaginal adenocarcinoma:
  • Approximately 15%, second most common subtype, presents in younger individuals and arises from the glandular (secretory) cells in the lining of the vagina that produce some vaginal fluids.
  • Adenocarcinoma is more likely than squamous cell cancer to spread to the lungs and lymph nodes.
  • The majority of cases of adneocarcinoma occur in women younger than 30 years and has been found in a small percentage of women whose mothers in the 1950s used diethylstilbestrol to prevent threatened abortions.
  • Clear cell carcinoma of the vagina: rare, associated with previous diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure
  • Vaginal germ cell tumors:
  • Vaginal sarcoma:

References

  1. Creasman WT, Phillips JL, Menck HR (September 1998). "The National Cancer Data Base report on cancer of the vagina". Cancer. 83 (5): 1033–40. PMID 9731908.