Vaginal cancer classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Vaginal cancer may be classified according to histopathology into squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, vaginal germ cell tumor, and vaginal sarcoma.
Types of vaginal cancer
Types of vaginal cancer, in order of prevalence, include:
- Vaginal squamous cell carcinoma arises from the thin, flat squamous cells that line the vagina. by far the commonest accounts for ~80-85% of primary vaginal malignancies, presents in older individuals.
- Vaginal adenocarcinoma ~15% second commonest subtype, presents in younger individuals and arising from the glandular (secretory) cells in the lining of the vagina that produce some vaginal fluids. Adenocarcinoma is more likely than squamous cell cancer to spread to the lungs and lymph nodes. It is found most often in women aged 30 or younger, and has been found in a small percent of women whose mothers in the 1950s used diethylstilbestrol to prevent threatened abortions.
- Clear cell carcinoma of the vagina: rare, previous diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure
- Vaginal germ cell tumors (primarily teratoma and endodermal sinus tumor) are rare. They are found most often in infants and children.
- Vaginal sarcoma: rhabdomyosarcoma in paediatric population