VIPoma pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Histology== | ==Histology== | ||
*Histologically, a VIPoma demonstrates a composition of uniform, small to intermediate-sized cells in clusters, nests, and trabecular growth patterns with hyperchromatic nuclei and scant cytoplasm. A few nests may also exhibit psuedorosettes. | *Histologically, a VIPoma demonstrates a composition of uniform, small to intermediate-sized cells in clusters, nests, and trabecular growth patterns with hyperchromatic nuclei and scant cytoplasm. A few nests may also exhibit psuedorosettes. | ||
*Immunohistochemistry of | *Immunohistochemistry of VIPoma typically reveals positive immunoreactivity for vasoactive intestinal peptide, cytokeratin, neuron specific enolase, chromogranin, synaptophysin and somatostatin, and negative reactivity for S100, calcitonin, PSA, CEA, insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone.<ref name="NatanziAmini2009">{{cite journal|last1=Natanzi|first1=Naveed|last2=Amini|first2=Mazyar|last3=Yamini|first3=David|last4=Nielsen|first4=Shawn|last5=Ram|first5=Ramin|title=Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Tumor|journal=Scholarly Research Exchange|volume=2009|year=2009|pages=1–7|issn=1687-8299|doi=10.3814/2009/938325}}</ref> | ||
<gallery>Image:Histology.jpg|(A) Typical of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, this lesion contains interconnecting nests and trabeculae of uniform cuboidal cells with granular cytoplasm and central round nuclei within a hyalinized, well-vascularized stroma (Original magnification ×100). (B) The tumor deeply invades the muscularis propria of the stomach.<ref name="JoyceHong2008">{{cite journal|last1=Joyce|first1=David L|last2=Hong|first2=Kelvin|last3=Fishman|first3=Elliot K|last4=Wisell|first4=Joshua|last5=Pawlik|first5=Timothy M|title=Multi-visceral resection of pancreatic VIPoma in a patient with sinistral portal hypertension|journal=World Journal of Surgical Oncology|volume=6|issue=1|year=2008|pages=80|issn=1477-7819|doi=10.1186/1477-7819-6-80}}</ref> | <gallery>Image:Histology.jpg|(A) Typical of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, this lesion contains interconnecting nests and trabeculae of uniform cuboidal cells with granular cytoplasm and central round nuclei within a hyalinized, well-vascularized stroma (Original magnification ×100). (B) The tumor deeply invades the muscularis propria of the stomach.<ref name="JoyceHong2008">{{cite journal|last1=Joyce|first1=David L|last2=Hong|first2=Kelvin|last3=Fishman|first3=Elliot K|last4=Wisell|first4=Joshua|last5=Pawlik|first5=Timothy M|title=Multi-visceral resection of pancreatic VIPoma in a patient with sinistral portal hypertension|journal=World Journal of Surgical Oncology|volume=6|issue=1|year=2008|pages=80|issn=1477-7819|doi=10.1186/1477-7819-6-80}}</ref> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
Revision as of 18:00, 27 October 2015
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VIPoma Microchapters |
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VIPoma pathophysiology On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of VIPoma pathophysiology |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for VIPoma pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]
Overview
Pathophysiology
- VIPoma causes cells in the pancreas to produce high levels of a hormone called vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). This hormone increases secretions from the intestine and relaxes some of the smooth muscles in the GI system.
- Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a structural homologue of secretin. Elevated serum VIP levels cause increased intestinal secretion of Na+, K+, HCO3 -, and Cl-, as well as bone resorption, vasodilation, and inhibition of gastric acid section.[1]
- VIPomas are neuroendocrine neoplasms arising from the pancreas in 90% of the cases reported, while the remaining 10% occur in other tissues of neural crest origin.[2]
- VIPomas originate in amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cells of the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine system and in adrenal or extra-adrenal neurogenic sites.[2]
- When VIPoma is found in the pancreas, 75% of the tumors occur in the corpus and cauda, while 25% occur in the pancreatic head.[2]
Histology
- Histologically, a VIPoma demonstrates a composition of uniform, small to intermediate-sized cells in clusters, nests, and trabecular growth patterns with hyperchromatic nuclei and scant cytoplasm. A few nests may also exhibit psuedorosettes.
- Immunohistochemistry of VIPoma typically reveals positive immunoreactivity for vasoactive intestinal peptide, cytokeratin, neuron specific enolase, chromogranin, synaptophysin and somatostatin, and negative reactivity for S100, calcitonin, PSA, CEA, insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone.[2]
-
![(A) Typical of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, this lesion contains interconnecting nests and trabeculae of uniform cuboidal cells with granular cytoplasm and central round nuclei within a hyalinized, well-vascularized stroma (Original magnification ×100). (B) The tumor deeply invades the muscularis propria of the stomach.[1]](/images/3/35/Histology.jpg)
(A) Typical of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, this lesion contains interconnecting nests and trabeculae of uniform cuboidal cells with granular cytoplasm and central round nuclei within a hyalinized, well-vascularized stroma (Original magnification ×100). (B) The tumor deeply invades the muscularis propria of the stomach.[1]
![(A) Typical of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, this lesion contains interconnecting nests and trabeculae of uniform cuboidal cells with granular cytoplasm and central round nuclei within a hyalinized, well-vascularized stroma (Original magnification ×100). (B) The tumor deeply invades the muscularis propria of the stomach.[1]](/index.php/File:Histology.jpg){kind=small}
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Joyce, David L; Hong, Kelvin; Fishman, Elliot K; Wisell, Joshua; Pawlik, Timothy M (2008). "Multi-visceral resection of pancreatic VIPoma in a patient with sinistral portal hypertension". World Journal of Surgical Oncology. 6 (1): 80. doi:10.1186/1477-7819-6-80. ISSN 1477-7819.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Natanzi, Naveed; Amini, Mazyar; Yamini, David; Nielsen, Shawn; Ram, Ramin (2009). "Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Tumor". Scholarly Research Exchange. 2009: 1–7. doi:10.3814/2009/938325. ISSN 1687-8299.