User:Marshallsumter

Introduction

The cytosol within the nucleus, without the microfilaments and the microtubules is the nucleohyaloplasm. This liquid part contains enzymes and intermediate metabolites. Many substances such as nucleotides (necessary for purposes such as the replication of DNA and production of mRNA) and enzymes (which direct activities that take place in the nucleus) are dissolved in the nucleohyaloplasm. Regulation of replication, transcription, and epigenetic modifications of chromatin all take part in the nucleohyaloplasm.

Small particles

Small particles (< 30 kDa) are able to pass through the nuclear pore complex by passive diffusion. Larger particles are also able to pass through the large diameter of the pore but at almost negligible rates. The average mass range for amino acids: 75.06714 - 204.22844 Da. The lateral speed of biological molecules in passive diffusion in water is on the order of 500 - 50 nm/sec. But in cytosol such as the nucleohyaloplasm: ~120-10 nm/sec due to crowding and collisions with large molecules.