Urethral cancer staging

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

The staging of urethral cancer is based on the TNM staging system.

Staging

Definitions of TNM

The American Joint Committee on Cancer has designated staging by TNM classification to define urethral cancer.

TNM	Definition
TX	Primary tumor cannot be assessed.
T0	No evidence of primary tumor.
Ta	Noninvasive papillary, polypoid, or verrucous carcinoma.
Tis	Carcinoma in situ.
T0	No evidence of primary tumor.
T1	Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue.
T2	Tumor invades any of the following: corpus spongiosum, prostate, periurethral muscle.
T3	Tumor invades any of the following: corpus cavernosum, beyond prostatic capsule, anterior vagina, bladder neck.
T4	Tumor invades other adjacent organs.
Urothelial (Transitional Cell) Carcinoma of the Prostate
Tis pu	Carcinoma in situ, involvement of the prostatic urethra.
Tis pd	Carcinoma in situ, involvement of the prostatic ducts.
T1	Tumor invades urethral subepithelial connective tissue.
T2	Tumor invades any of the following: prostatic stroma, corpus spongiosum, periurethral muscle.
T3	Tumor invades any of the following: corpus cavernosum, beyond prostatic capsule, bladder neck (extraprostatic extension).
T4	Tumor invades other adjacent organs (invasion of the bladder). other adjacent organs.
Regional Lymph Nodes
NX	Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed.
N0	No regional lymph node metastasis.
N1	Metastasis in a single lymph node 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.
N2	Metastasis in a single node more than 2 cm in greatest dimension, or in multiple nodes.
Distant Metastasis
M0	No distant metastasis.
M1	Distant metastasis.
Urethra. In: Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, et al., eds.: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 7th ed. New York, NY: Springer, 2010, pp 508-9.

Anatomic Stage

Stage	T	N	M
0a	Ta	N0	M0
0is	Tis	N0	M0
	Tis pu	N0	M0
	Tis pd	N0	M0
I	T1	N0	M0
II	T2	N0	M0
III	T1	N1	M0
	T2	N1	M0
	T3	N0	M0
	T3	N1	M0
IV	T4	N0	M0
	T4	N1	M0
	Any T	N2	M0
	Any T	Any N	M0
Urethra. In: Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, et al., eds.: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 7th ed. New York, NY: Springer, 2010, pp 508-9.