Turner syndrome (patient information): Difference between revisions

	Turner syndrome
Overview
What are the symptoms?
What are the causes?
Who is at highest risk?
Diagnosis
When to seek urgent medical care?
Treatment options
Where to find medical care for Turner syndrome?
Prevention
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Possible complications
Turner syndrome On the Web
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
Images of Turner syndrome
Videos on Turner syndrome
FDA on Turner syndrome
CDC on Turner syndrome
Turner syndrome in the news
Blogs on Turner syndrome
Directions to Hospitals Treating Turner syndrome
Risk calculators and risk factors for Turner syndrome

	Turner Syndrome;
ICD-10	Q96
ICD-9	758.6
DiseasesDB	13461
MedlinePlus	000379
MeSH	D014424

VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 14:46, 20 September 2012

For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Alexandra M. Palmer

Overview

Turner syndrome is a genetic condition in which a female does not have the usual pair of two X chromosomes.

What are the symptoms of Turner syndrome?

Possible symptoms in young infants include:

Swollen hands and feet
Wide and webbed neck

A combination of the following symptoms may be seen in older females:

Absent or incomplete development at puberty, including sparse pubic hair and small breasts

Broad, flat chest shaped like a shield

Drooping eyelids

Dry eyes

Infertility

No periods (absent menstruation)

Short height

Vaginal dryness, can lead to painful intercourse

What causes Turner syndrome?

Humans have 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes contain all of your genes and DNA, the building blocks of the body. Two of these chromosomes, the sex chromosomes, determine if you become a boy or a girl. Females normally have two of the same sex chromosomes, written as XX. Males have an X and a Y chromosome (written as XY).

In Turner syndrome, cells are missing all or part of an X chromosome. The condition only occurs in females. Most commonly, the female patient has only one X chromosome. Others may have two X chromosomes, but one of them is incomplete. Sometimes, a female has some cells with two X chromosomes, but other cells have only one.

Turner syndrome occurs in about 1 out of 2,000 live births.

Who is at highest risk?

Turner syndrome is a genetic condition that only occurs in females. Females with a family history of Turner syndrome are at risk.

Diagnosis

Turner syndrome can be diagnosed at any stage of life. It may be diagnosed before birth if chromosome analysis is done during prenatal testing.

The doctor will perform a physical exam and look for signs of underdevelopment. Infants with Turner syndrome often have swollen hands and feet.

The following tests may be performed:

Blood hormone levels (luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone)
Echocardiogram
Karyotyping
MRI of the chest
Ultrasound of reproductive organs and kidneys
Pelvic exam

Turner syndrome may also alter various estrogen levels in the blood and urine.

When to seek urgent medical care?

Treatment options

Growth hormone may help a child with Turner syndrome grow taller. Estrogen replacement therapy is often started when the girl is 12 or 13 years old. This helps trigger the growth of breasts, pubic hair, and other sexual characteristics.

Women with Turner syndrome who wish to become pregnant may consider using a donor egg.

Where to find medical care for Turner syndrome?

Directions to Hospitals Treating Turner syndrome

Prevention of Turner syndrome

There is no known way to prevent Turner syndrome.

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

Those with Turner syndrome can have a normal life when carefully monitored by their doctor.

Possible complications

Sources

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000379.htm

Template:WH Template:WS

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''For the  WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Turner  syndrome|here]]'''
+{{Infobox_Disease |
+  Name           = Turner Syndrome |
+  Image          = |
+  Caption        = |
+  DiseasesDB     = 13461 |
+  ICD10          = {{ICD10|Q|96||q|90}} |
+  ICD9           = {{ICD9|758.6}} |
+  ICDO           = |
+  OMIM           = |
+  MedlinePlus    = 000379 |
+  eMedicineSubj  = |
+  eMedicineTopic = |
+  MeshID         = D014424 |
+}}
+{{Turner syndrome (patient information)}}
-{{SI}}
+{{CMG}}; '''Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief:'''  Alexandra M. Palmer
-'''Editor-in-Chief:'''  Alexandra M. Palmer
+==Overview==
-{{EJ}}
-==What is Turner   syndrome?==
 [[Turner syndrome]] is a [[genetic condition]] in which a female does not have the usual pair of two [[X chromosomes]].
-==What are the   symptoms of Turner   syndrome?==
+==What are the symptoms of Turner syndrome?==
 Possible symptoms in young infants include:
 *Swollen hands and feet
@@ Line 31: / Line 42: @@
 *Short height
-*Vaginal dryness, can lead to painful intercourse
+*Vaginal dryness, can lead to [[painful intercourse]]
 ==What causes Turner syndrome?==
-Humans have 46 [[chromosomes]]. Chromosomes contain all of your [[genes]] and [[DNA]], the building blocks of the body. Two of these chromosomes, the [[sex chromosomes]], determine if you become a boy or a girl. Females normally  have two of the same sex chromosomes, written as XX. Males have an X and  a [[Y chromosome]] (written as XY).
+Humans have 46 [[chromosomes]]. Chromosomes contain all of your [[genes]] and [[DNA]], the building blocks of the body. Two of these chromosomes, the [[sex chromosomes]], determine if you become a [[boy]] or a [[girl]]. Females normally  have two of the same sex chromosomes, written as XX. Males have an X and  a [[Y chromosome]] (written as XY).
-In [[Turner syndrome]], cells are missing all or part of an [[X chromosome]].  The condition only occurs in females. Most commonly, the female patient has only one X chromosome. Others may have two X chromosomes, but one  of them is incomplete. Sometimes, a female has some cells with two X  chromosomes, but other cells have only one.
+In [[Turner syndrome]], cells are missing all or part of an [[X chromosome]]. The condition only occurs in females. Most commonly, the female patient has only one X chromosome. Others may have two X chromosomes, but one  of them is incomplete. Sometimes, a female has some cells with two X  chromosomes, but other cells have only one.
 Turner syndrome occurs in about 1 out of 2,000 live births.
-==Who is at risk for Turner syndrome?==
+==Who is at highest risk?==
-[[Turner syndrome]] is a [[genetic condition]] that only occurs in females. So, females with a family history of Turner syndrome are at risk.
+[[Turner syndrome]] is a [[genetic condition]] that only occurs in females. Females with a family history of Turner syndrome are at risk.
-==How do I  know I  have Turner   syndrome?==
+==Diagnosis==
-Turner syndrome can be diagnosed at any stage of life. It may be  diagnosed before birth if chromosome analysis is done during prenatal  testing.
+[[Turner syndrome]] can be diagnosed at any stage of life. It may be diagnosed before birth if [[chromosome]] analysis is done during prenatal testing.
-The doctor will perform a physical exam and look for signs of  underdevelopment. Infants with Turner syndrome often have swollen hands  and feet.
+The doctor will perform a [[physical exam]] and look for signs of underdevelopment. Infants with Turner syndrome often have swollen hands and feet.
 The following tests may be performed:
-*Blood hormone levels (luteinizing hormone  and follicle  stimulating hormone)
+*Blood hormone levels ([[luteinizing hormone]] and [[follicle stimulating hormone]])
-*Echocardiogram
+*[[Echocardiogram]]
+*[[Karyotyping]]
-*Karyotyping
+*[[MRI]] of the chest
-*MRI of the chest
+*[[Ultrasound]] of reproductive organs and [[kidneys]]
-*Ultrasound of reproductive organs and kidneys
+*[[Pelvic exam]]
-*Pelvic exam
-Turner syndrome may also alter various estrogen levels in the blood  and urine.
+Turner syndrome may also alter various [[estrogen]] levels in the [[blood]] and [[urine]].
-==When to seek   urgent medical care==
+==When to seek urgent medical care?==
-==Treatment  options==
+==Treatment options==
-Growth hormone may help a child with Turner syndrome grow taller.  Estrogen replacement therapy is often started when the girl is 12 or 13  years old. This helps trigger the growth of breasts, pubic hair, and  other sexual characteristics.
+[[Growth hormone]] may help a child with Turner syndrome grow taller. [[Estrogen]] replacement therapy is often started when the girl is 12 or 13 years old. This helps trigger the growth of breasts, pubic hair, and  other sexual characteristics.
-Women with Turner syndrome who wish to become pregnant may consider  using a donor egg.
+Women with Turner syndrome who wish to become pregnant may consider using a donor egg.
-==Where to  find  medical care for Turner   syndrome==
+==Where to find medical care for Turner syndrome?==
 [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&amp;hl=en&amp;geocode=&amp;q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|Turner   syndrome}}}}&amp;sll=37.0625,-95.677068&amp;sspn=65.008093,112.148438&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;ll=37.0625,-95.677068&amp;spn=91.690419,149.414063&amp;z=2&amp;source=embed      Directions to Hospitals Treating Turner   syndrome]
 ==Prevention of Turner syndrome==
-There is no known way to prevent Turner syndrome.
+There is no known way to prevent [[Turner syndrome]].
-==What to  expect (Outlook/Prognosis)==
+==What to  expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?==
-Those with Turner syndrome can have a normal life when carefully  monitored by their doctor.
+Those with [[Turner syndrome]] can have a normal life when carefully monitored by their doctor.
-==Possible  complications==
+==Possible complications==
-*Arthritis
+*[[Arthritis]]
-*Cataracts
+*[[Cataracts]]
+*[[Diabetes]]
+*[[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]]
+*[[Heart defects]]
+*[[High blood pressure]]
+*[[Kidney]] problems
+*[[Middle ear]] infections
+*[[Obesity]]
+*[[Scoliosis]] (in adolescence)
-*Diabetes
-*Hashimoto's thyroiditis
-*Heart defects
-*High blood pressure
-*Kidney problems
-*Middle ear infections
-*Obesity
-*Scoliosis (in adolescence)
 ==Sources==
 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000379.htm
-{{SIB}}
+{{reflist|2}}
 {{WH}}
 {{WS}}
-[[Category:Patient Information]]
+[[Category:Patient information]]
+[[Category:Genetic disorders]]
+[[Category:Genetic disorders patient information]]
+[[Category:Disease]]
+[[Category:Overview complete]]
+[[Category:Congenital disorders]]
+[[Category:Congenital disorders patient information]]
+[[Category:Endocrinology]]
+[[Category:Endocrinology patient information]]