Tumor lysis syndrome history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 13:24, 1 July 2019

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamad Alkateb, MBBCh [2] Nazia Fuad M.D.

Overview

Symptoms of tumor lysis syndrome include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, oliguria, confusion, delirium, and seizure.

History and Symptoms

History

Patients with tumor lysis syndrome may have a positive history of:^[1]

Common Symptoms:

Symptoms of tumor lysis syndrome include:^[1]^[2]


Electrolytes disturbance	Symptoms

Hyperphosphatemia	Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Lethargy Seizure
Hypocalcemia	Tetany Paresthesias Arrhythmias Hypotension
Hyperkalemia	Nausea Diarrhea Cramps Muscle weakness Parathesia Tachycardia Syncope
Hyperuricemia	Hematuria Flank pain Hypertension Edema Oliguria Anuria Somnolence Hallucinations

Less Common Symptoms:

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Canadian Cancer Society.2015.http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/diagnosis-and-treatment/managing-side-effects/tumour-lysis-syndrome/?region=ab#symptoms
↑ Cairo MS, Bishop M (2004). "Tumour lysis syndrome: new therapeutic strategies and classification". Br J Haematol. 127 (1): 3–11. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.05094.x. PMID 15384972.

Template:WH Template:WS

[cancer.ca-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Canadian Cancer Society.2015.http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/diagnosis-and-treatment/managing-side-effects/tumour-lysis-syndrome/?region=ab#symptoms

[pmid15384972-2] Cairo MS, Bishop M (2004). "Tumour lysis syndrome: new therapeutic strategies and classification". Br J Haematol. 127 (1): 3–11. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.05094.x. PMID 15384972.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{Tumor lysis syndrome}}
-{{CMG}}
+{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{MJK}}  {{N.F}}
 ==Overview==
+Symptoms of tumor lysis syndrome include [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[diarrhea]], [[oliguria]], [[confusion]], [[delirium]], and [[seizure]].
 ==History and Symptoms==
-'''[[Hyperkalemia]]'''. [[Potassium]] is mainly an [[intracellular]] [[ion]]. High turnover of tumor cells leads to spill of potassium into the blood. Symptoms usually do not manifest until levels are high (> 7mmol/dL) [normal 3.5-5.0 mmol/dL] and they include
-* severe muscle weakness or paralysis
+=== History ===
-* [[heart|cardiac]] conduction abnormalities (can be fatal)
+Patients with tumor lysis syndrome may have a positive history of:<ref name="cancer.ca" />
+*[[Chemotherapy]] use
+*[[Renal dysfunction]]
+*[[Malignancy]]
-'''[[Hyperphosphatemia]]'''. Like potassium, [[phosphate]]s are also predominantly intracellular. Hyperphosphatemia causes acute [[kidney|renal]] failure in tumor lysis syndrome, because of deposition of [[calcium phosphate]] crystals in the renal [[parenchyma]].
+=== Common Symptoms: ===
+Symptoms of tumor lysis syndrome include:<ref name="cancer.ca">Canadian Cancer Society.2015.http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/diagnosis-and-treatment/managing-side-effects/tumour-lysis-syndrome/?region=ab#symptoms</ref><ref name="pmid15384972">{{cite journal| author=Cairo MS, Bishop M| title=Tumour lysis syndrome: new therapeutic strategies and classification. | journal=Br J Haematol | year= 2004 | volume= 127 | issue= 1 | pages= 3-11 | pmid=15384972 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.05094.x | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15384972}}</ref>
+{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align="center"
+| valign="top" |
+|+
+! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Electrolytes disturbance}}
+! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Symptoms}}
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |
+[[Hyperphosphatemia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+*[[Nausea]]
+*[[Vomiting]]
+*[[Diarrhea]]
+*[[Lethargy]]
+*[[Seizure]]
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |
+[[Hypocalcemia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+*[[Tetany (medical sign)|Tetany]]
+*[[Paresthesias]]
+*[[Arrhythmias]]
+*[[Hypotension]]
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |
+[[Hyperkalemia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+*[[Nausea]]
+*[[Diarrhea]]
+*[[Cramps]]
+*[[Muscle weakness]]
+*[[Parathesia]]
+*[[Tachycardia]]
+*[[Syncope]]
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |
+[[Hyperuricemia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+*[[Hematuria]]
+*[[Flank pain]]
+*[[Hypertension]]
+*[[Edema]]
+*[[Oliguria]]
+*[[Anuria]]
+*[[Somnolence]]
+*[[Hallucinations]]
+|}
-'''[[Hypocalcemia]]'''. Because of the hyperphosphatemia, [[calcium]] is precipitated to form calcium phosphate, leading to hypocalcemia. Symptoms of hypocalcemia include (but are not limited to):
+=== Less Common Symptoms: ===
+*[[Abdominal pain]]
+*[[Abdominal distention]]
+*[[Paralysis]]
+*[[Syncope]]
+*[[Altered mental status]]
-* [[tetany (medical sign)|tetany]]
-* seizures
-* mental retardation / dementia
-* parkinsonian (extrapyramidal) movement disorders
-* [[papilledema]]
-* emotional instability / agitation / anxiety
-* [[myopathy]]
-'''[[Hyperuricemia]]'''. [[Uric acid]] is a breakdown product of [[DNA]], converted by [[xanthine oxidase]] from [[xanthine]] and [[hypoxanthine]], which are in turn [[purine]] breakdown products. Uric acid is more toxic to tissues than (hypo)xanthine. Uric acid [[nephropathy]] has been a dominant cause of acute renal failure but with the advent of [[allopurinol]] and uricase treatment, hyperphosphatemia has replaced this as the main cause of acute renal failure. Oddly, [[gout]] is not a feature of tumor lysis syndrome; the high uric acid levels that cause gout probably need to be present for an extended period of time before the putative crystals can develop.
 ==References==
 {{reflist|2}}
 {{WH}}
 {{WS}}
 [[Category:Disease]]
 [[Category:Blood]]
+[[Category:Hematology]]
+ [[Category:Up-To-Date]]
 [[Category:Oncology]]
-[[Category:Hematology]]
+[[Category:Medicine]]