Tuberous sclerosis physical examination: Difference between revisions

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=== Skin ===
The skin is examined under a [[Wood's lamp]].  The most common skin abnormalities include:
The skin is examined under a [[Wood's lamp]].  The most common skin abnormalities include:
* Facial angiofibromas
* Facial angiofibromas

Revision as of 21:25, 19 June 2020

Tuberous sclerosis Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]

Physical Examination

Skin

Images of the nail shown below are courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology

Face

Nails

Trunk

Oral cavity

Skin

The skin is examined under a Wood's lamp. The most common skin abnormalities include:

  • Facial angiofibromas
  • Ungual or subungual fibromas
  • Hypomelanic macules ("ash leaf spots")
  • Forehead plaques
  • Shagreen patches
  • Molluscum fibrosum or skin tags
  • Cafe-au-lait spots or flat brown marks
  • Poliosis

Head

  • Pitted tooth enamel
  • Rubbery growths on the tongue or gums

Eyes

  • Retinal lesions - astrocytic hamartomas, which may cause blindness.
  • Non-retinal lesions associated with TSC include

Heart

  • A heart murmur can be heard due to the obstruction of blood flow by rhabdomyomas.

Lungs

  • Coarse rales are heard when lung parenchyma is involved.
  • Bronchial breathing and bronchophony are heard on auscultation when multiple cysts occur in the lungs.

Extremities

  • Rough growths under or around the fingernails and toenails

Neurologic

References

  1. 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.39 1.40 "Dermatology Atlas".