Tuberculosis in Montreal: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Robot: Changing Category:Diseases to Category:Disease)
 
m (Robot: Automated text replacement (-{{SIB}} +, -{{EH}} +, -{{EJ}} +, -{{Editor Help}} +, -{{Editor Join}} +))
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{SI}}
{{SI}}
{{EH}}
 


The association of [[tuberculosis]] (TB) with poverty has long been recognized, yet it may reflect not only characteristics of poor individuals, but also housing and neighborhood features which promote airborne spread. It is determined whether dwelling and building features, residential density and crowding are independently associated with TB occurrence
The association of [[tuberculosis]] (TB) with poverty has long been recognized, yet it may reflect not only characteristics of poor individuals, but also housing and neighborhood features which promote airborne spread. It is determined whether dwelling and building features, residential density and crowding are independently associated with TB occurrence
Line 30: Line 30:
census96.cfm
census96.cfm


{{SIB}}
 
{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 17:08, 20 August 2012

WikiDoc Resources for Tuberculosis in Montreal

Articles

Most recent articles on Tuberculosis in Montreal

Most cited articles on Tuberculosis in Montreal

Review articles on Tuberculosis in Montreal

Articles on Tuberculosis in Montreal in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Tuberculosis in Montreal

Images of Tuberculosis in Montreal

Photos of Tuberculosis in Montreal

Podcasts & MP3s on Tuberculosis in Montreal

Videos on Tuberculosis in Montreal

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Tuberculosis in Montreal

Bandolier on Tuberculosis in Montreal

TRIP on Tuberculosis in Montreal

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Tuberculosis in Montreal at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Tuberculosis in Montreal

Clinical Trials on Tuberculosis in Montreal at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Tuberculosis in Montreal

NICE Guidance on Tuberculosis in Montreal

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Tuberculosis in Montreal

CDC on Tuberculosis in Montreal

Books

Books on Tuberculosis in Montreal

News

Tuberculosis in Montreal in the news

Be alerted to news on Tuberculosis in Montreal

News trends on Tuberculosis in Montreal

Commentary

Blogs on Tuberculosis in Montreal

Definitions

Definitions of Tuberculosis in Montreal

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Tuberculosis in Montreal

Discussion groups on Tuberculosis in Montreal

Patient Handouts on Tuberculosis in Montreal

Directions to Hospitals Treating Tuberculosis in Montreal

Risk calculators and risk factors for Tuberculosis in Montreal

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Tuberculosis in Montreal

Causes & Risk Factors for Tuberculosis in Montreal

Diagnostic studies for Tuberculosis in Montreal

Treatment of Tuberculosis in Montreal

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Tuberculosis in Montreal

International

Tuberculosis in Montreal en Espanol

Tuberculosis in Montreal en Francais

Business

Tuberculosis in Montreal in the Marketplace

Patents on Tuberculosis in Montreal

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Tuberculosis in Montreal


The association of tuberculosis (TB) with poverty has long been recognized, yet it may reflect not only characteristics of poor individuals, but also housing and neighborhood features which promote airborne spread. It is determined whether dwelling and building features, residential density and crowding are independently associated with TB occurrence in a low-incidence setting. A residential addresses to geocode active TB cases reported in Montreal in 19962000. These ‘‘case dwellings’’ were linked to the municipal dwelling geodatabase from 2000, and to Canadian census data from 1996. We compared them with randomly selected Montreal dwellings (‘‘controls,’’ in a 1:10 ratio), using the same data sources. From multivariate logistic regression, the 595 case dwellings were more likely than the 5950 control dwellings to be in buildings 45 stories tall (adjusted odds ratios [OR] 1.6; 95% CI: 1.0–2.5), constructed since 1970 (adjusted OR 2.5; 1.8–3.6), in the lowest quartile for resale valuation (adjusted OR 1.3; 1.0–1.6), and on blocks where lot coverage exceeded the median value (adjusted OR 1.3; 1.0–1.6). Case dwellings were also more often found in census tracts with more persons per room, and a higher proportion of inhabitants who had arrived in Canada within the last 5 years.

Tuberculosis

The association of tuberculosis (TB) with poverty has long been recognized (Elender, Bentham, & Langford, 1998; Mangtani, Jolley, Watson, & Rodrigues, 1995). This may reflect not only medical and social characteristics of poor individuals, but also characteristics of housing and neighborhood which foster airborne spread of tuberculous infection, such as crowding and poor ventilation. Population groups with an increased prevalence of latent TB infection (such as new immigrants) are disproportionately found in poor areas—often with lower quality, more crowded housing. Crowding and poor ventilation also increase the probability of inhaling bacilli expelled by infectious individuals. Persons at increased risk of active disease following such exposure (e.g. HIV-infected persons) may also be disproportionately located in poor areas.

In Canada

In Canada as in other industrialized countries, TB is increasingly concentrated in the largest cities (Long, Njoo, & Hershfield, 1999). This reflects the preponderance of foreign-born persons—particularly new arrivals—and the importance of urban risk factors such as homelessness, substance use, and HIV infection. Montreal is Canada’s second largest city, and TB incidence varies tremendously by neighborhood; when described by community clinic catchment area, estimated incidence ranged from 3.1 per 100,000 (middle-class suburbs 20–30km west of the city center) to 40.0 cases per 100,000 (a poor area with many foreign born, located due north of downtown) during 1995–98 (Rivest, Tannenbaum, & Bédard, 1998). Much of this variation reflects individual sociodemographic characteristics, but may also reflect differences in housing or other neighborhood characteristics. Montreal has more residential segregation by income than most large Canadian cities—though much less so than many US cities (Ross, Houle, Dunn, & Aye, 2004; Ross, Nobrega, & Dunn, 2002).

City of Montreal

The City of Montreal accounted for 57% of the population of the Island of Montreal, and 73% of TB cases.

The Canadian census is conducted every 5 years. We used 1996 census data to characterize the 395 census tracts within the City of Montreal. The census tract is the lowest level of data reporting for most socioeconomic and demographic variables; demographic variables such as country of origin are based on a 20% sampling frequency, and are aggregated to the census tract level to ensure confidentiality and statistical precision.

References

  • Statistics Canada. (1996a). Census of Canada, Cumulative profiles. Ottawa, Canada. Publication No. 95F0183XDB. Available

online at: http://12.statcan.ca/english/census01/info/census96.cfm

  • Statistics Canada. (1996b). Digital boundary files and digital cartographic files. Ottawa, Canada. Publication Nos.

9250029XDE, 92F0030XDE & 92F0032XDE—92F0040XDE. Available online at: http://12.statcan.ca/english/census01/info/ census96.cfm


Template:WH Template:WS