Triple M Syndrome
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For patient information, click Insert page name here
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Muhammad Waleed, M.B.B.S.[2]
Synonyms and keywords: myocarditis with myositis and/or myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome (IM3OS)
Overview
Myocarditis-myositis-myasthenia gravis (Triple-M) overlap syndrome occurs as a rare complication in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI).
Historical Perspective
Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent a form of immunotherapy that gained FDA approval in 2011. These medications are accompanied by various side effects. Among these, Triple M emerges as a rare yet lethal side effect linked to checkpoint inhibitors. The initial documented instance of Triple M occurred in 2016.
Classification
Pathophysiology
Genetics
Associated Conditions
Gross Pathology
Microscopic Pathology
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical / poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional / Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal / Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- A...
- Z...
Make sure that each diagnosis is linked to a page.
Differentiating type page name here from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Age
Gender
Race
Developed Countries
Developing Countries
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
If available, the diagnostic criteria are provided here.
History
A directed history should be obtained to ascertain
Symptoms
"Type symptom here" is pathognomonic of the "type disease name here".
"Type non specific symptoms" may be present.
Past Medical History
Family History
Social History
Occupational
Alcohol
The frequency and amount of alcohol consumption should be characterized.