Trigeminal neuralgia causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common causes of trigeminal neuralgia include sources of [[nerve]] compression from [[cardiovascular]] obstruction, [[tumor]] pressure, [[infection|infectious disease]], and facial [[trauma]]. | Common causes of trigeminal neuralgia include sources of [[nerve]] compression from [[cardiovascular]] obstruction, [[tumor]] pressure, [[infection|infectious disease]], and facial [[trauma]]. | ||
== Classification == | |||
According to International Headache Society(IHS), in the International Classification of Headache Disorders, Third Edition (ICHD-3),TN is divided into classic (or classical) TN, secondary TN, and idiopathic TN. | |||
=== Classic trigeminal neuralgia: === | |||
Trigeminal neuralgia developing without apparent cause other than neurovascular compression. MRI can demonstrate nerve root atrophy and/or displacement due to neurovascular compression as shown in [[Neurovascular compression of the trigeminal root.jpeg|image]]. | |||
==Causes<ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>== | ==Causes<ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>== | ||
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===Causes by Organ System=== | ===Causes by Organ System=== | ||
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1" | {| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1" | ||
| | | style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular''' | ||
| | | style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | [[Abnormal vessels]], [[Arterial compression]], [[Arteriovenous malformation]], [[Ischemic cerebrovascular disorders]], [[Stroke]], [[Vascular anomalies]], [[Vascular compression]], [[Vascular malformation]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning''' | | bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Chemical/Poisoning''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Dental''' | | '''Dental''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Dermatologic''' | | '''Dermatologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidermoid]], [[Scleroderma]] | | bgcolor="Beige" | [[Epidermoid]], [[Scleroderma]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Drug Side Effect''' | | '''Drug Side Effect''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Ear Nose Throat''' | | '''Ear Nose Throat''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Glossopharyngeal neuralgia]], [[Oral surgery]], [[Sinus surgery]], [[Temporomadibular joint syndrome]] | | bgcolor="Beige" | [[Glossopharyngeal neuralgia]], [[Oral surgery]], [[Sinus surgery]], [[Temporomadibular joint syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Endocrine''' | | '''Endocrine''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Environmental''' | | '''Environmental''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Gastroenterologic''' | | '''Gastroenterologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Genetic''' | | '''Genetic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Hematologic''' | | '''Hematologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aneurysms]], [[Blood vessels compressing the trigeminal nerve root]], [[Saccular aneurysm]] | | bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aneurysms]], [[Blood vessels compressing the trigeminal nerve root]], [[Saccular aneurysm]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Iatrogenic''' | | '''Iatrogenic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sinus surgery]] | | bgcolor="Beige" | [[Sinus surgery]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Infectious Disease''' | | '''Infectious Disease''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic meningeal inflammation]], [[Chronic meningeal infection]], [[Dental infection]], [[Lyme disease]], [[Postherpetic neuralgia]] | | bgcolor="Beige" | [[Chronic meningeal inflammation]], [[Chronic meningeal infection]], [[Dental infection]], [[Lyme disease]], [[Postherpetic neuralgia]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic''' | | '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Facial spasm]], [[Temporomadibular joint syndrome]] | | bgcolor="Beige" | [[Facial spasm]], [[Temporomadibular joint syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Neurologic''' | | '''Neurologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acoustic neuroma]], [[Blood vessels compressing the trigeminal nerve root]], [[Brain tumor]], [[Chronic meningeal inflammation]], [[Chronic meningeal infection]], [[Cluster headache]], [[Epidermoid]], [[Facial spasm]], [[Glossopharyngeal neuralgia]], [[Ischemic cerebrovascular disorders]], [[Meningioma]], [[Multiple sclerosis]], [[Pain syndrome]], [[Physical damage to the nerve]], [[Postherpetic neuralgia]], [[Saccular aneurysm]], [[Vascular anomalies]], [[Vascular compression]], [[Vestibular schwannoma]] | | bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acoustic neuroma]], [[Blood vessels compressing the trigeminal nerve root]], [[Brain tumor]], [[Chronic meningeal inflammation]], [[Chronic meningeal infection]], [[Cluster headache]], [[Epidermoid]], [[Facial spasm]], [[Glossopharyngeal neuralgia]], [[Ischemic cerebrovascular disorders]], [[Meningioma]], [[Multiple sclerosis]], [[Pain syndrome]], [[Physical damage to the nerve]], [[Postherpetic neuralgia]], [[Saccular aneurysm]], [[Vascular anomalies]], [[Vascular compression]], [[Vestibular schwannoma]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic''' | | '''Nutritional/Metabolic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic''' | | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Oncologic''' | | '''Oncologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Brain tumor]], [[Meningioma]], [[Tumors]], [[Vestibular schwannoma]] | | bgcolor="Beige" | [[Brain tumor]], [[Meningioma]], [[Tumors]], [[Vestibular schwannoma]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Ophthalmologic''' | | '''Ophthalmologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Overdose/Toxicity''' | | '''Overdose/Toxicity''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Psychiatric''' | | '''Psychiatric''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Pulmonary''' | | '''Pulmonary''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] | | bgcolor="Beige" | [[Sarcoidosis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Renal/Electrolyte''' | | '''Renal/Electrolyte''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy''' | | '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]], [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] | | bgcolor="Beige" | [[Sarcoidosis]], [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Sexual''' | | '''Sexual''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Trauma''' | | '''Trauma''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Facial trauma]], [[Physical damage to the nerve]] | | bgcolor="Beige" | [[Facial trauma]], [[Physical damage to the nerve]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Urologic''' | | '''Urologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Miscellaneous''' | | '''Miscellaneous''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aging]], [[Idiopathic]] | | bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aging]], [[Idiopathic]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[File:Neurovascular compression of the trigeminal root.jpeg|thumb|3D constructive interference in steady state MRI shows axial sections at the level of trigeminal nerve root entry into the pons. (A) Bilateral neurovascular contact without morphologic changes of the root in a patient with left trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Nerve (long arrows) and blood vessel (short arrows) appear hypointense surrounded by hyperintense CSF. Contact is seen at the root entry zone as well as mid-cisternal segment. (B, C) Morphologic changes exceeding mere neurovascular contact of the trigeminal nerve root are compatible with the diagnosis of classical TN. (B) Root atrophy in a patient with right TN. (C) Indentation and dislocation of the root in a patient with right TN (short arrow).]] | |||
[[Category:Primary care]] | [[Category:Primary care]] | ||
[[Category:Neurology]] | [[Category:Neurology]] | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} |
Revision as of 19:50, 23 June 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hardik Patel, M.D. Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Common causes of trigeminal neuralgia include sources of nerve compression from cardiovascular obstruction, tumor pressure, infectious disease, and facial trauma.
Classification
According to International Headache Society(IHS), in the International Classification of Headache Disorders, Third Edition (ICHD-3),TN is divided into classic (or classical) TN, secondary TN, and idiopathic TN.
Classic trigeminal neuralgia:
Trigeminal neuralgia developing without apparent cause other than neurovascular compression. MRI can demonstrate nerve root atrophy and/or displacement due to neurovascular compression as shown in image.
Causes[1] [2]
Common Causes
- Acoustic Neuroma
- Blood vessels compressing the trigeminal nerve root
- Brain Tumor
- Chronic meningeal infection
- Cluster headache
- Dental Infection
- Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
- Idiopathic
- Ischemic cerebrovascular disorders
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Physical damage to the nerve
- Postherpetic neuralgia
- Temporomadibular Joint Syndrome
- Vascular malformation