Traveler's diarrhea physical examination: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Traveler's diarrhea}} | {{Traveler's diarrhea}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{YD}}; {{SSK}} | |||
==Overview== | |||
Physical examination of patients with traveler's diarrhea may be remarkable for [[abdominal tenderness]], [[fever]] (occasionally), and signs of [[dehydration]], such as abnormal [[orthostatic vital signs]], reduced [[turgor|skin turgor]], [[capillary refill|slow capillary refill]], and dry mucous membranes. Physical examination among patients with severe dehydration may be remarkable for [[altered mental status]]. Physical examination may also be remarkable for findings suggestive of complications of the traveler's diarrhea (e.g. [[hemolytic uremic syndrome]], abscess formation, cognitive dysfunction, ocular disease). | |||
==Physical Examination== | |||
===General Appearance=== | |||
*Ill-appearing | |||
*Crying (in pediatric patients) | |||
===Vital Signs=== | |||
*[[Fever]] | |||
*[[Tachycardia]] | |||
*[[Tachypnea]] | |||
*[[Orthostatic hypotension]] may be suggestive of dehydration (due to diarrhea and/or vomiting) | |||
===Skin=== | |||
*[[Turgor|Reduced skin turgor]] | |||
*[[Capillary refill|Slow capillary refill]] | |||
*[[Pallor|Skin pallor]] or [[petechiae]] may be suggestive of hemolysis among patients who develop [[hemolytic uremic syndrome]] | |||
===HEENT=== | |||
*Sunken [[fontanelles]] in infants | |||
*Ocular inflammation may be suggestive of ocular manifestations of traveler's diarrhea (commonly in [[giardiasis]]) | |||
*Sunken eyes | |||
*Absent tears in children | |||
*[[Mucous membranes|Dry mucous membranes]] | |||
===Abdomen=== | |||
*[[Abdominal tenderness]] (usually diffuse) | |||
*Right upper quadrant tenderness may be present among patients with [[amebiasis]], suggestive of [[amebic liver abscess]] | |||
*[[Bloody stools]] and/or rectal tenderness may be present on [[rectal examination]] | |||
===Neurologic=== | |||
*[[Altered mental status]] may be present in cases of severe dehydration, especially among elderly and pediatric patients | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
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[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
Revision as of 15:38, 1 March 2016
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Traveler's diarrhea physical examination |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D.; Serge Korjian M.D.
Overview
Physical examination of patients with traveler's diarrhea may be remarkable for abdominal tenderness, fever (occasionally), and signs of dehydration, such as abnormal orthostatic vital signs, reduced skin turgor, slow capillary refill, and dry mucous membranes. Physical examination among patients with severe dehydration may be remarkable for altered mental status. Physical examination may also be remarkable for findings suggestive of complications of the traveler's diarrhea (e.g. hemolytic uremic syndrome, abscess formation, cognitive dysfunction, ocular disease).
Physical Examination
General Appearance
- Ill-appearing
- Crying (in pediatric patients)
Vital Signs
- Fever
- Tachycardia
- Tachypnea
- Orthostatic hypotension may be suggestive of dehydration (due to diarrhea and/or vomiting)
Skin
- Reduced skin turgor
- Slow capillary refill
- Skin pallor or petechiae may be suggestive of hemolysis among patients who develop hemolytic uremic syndrome
HEENT
- Sunken fontanelles in infants
- Ocular inflammation may be suggestive of ocular manifestations of traveler's diarrhea (commonly in giardiasis)
- Sunken eyes
- Absent tears in children
- Dry mucous membranes
Abdomen
- Abdominal tenderness (usually diffuse)
- Right upper quadrant tenderness may be present among patients with amebiasis, suggestive of amebic liver abscess
- Bloody stools and/or rectal tenderness may be present on rectal examination
Neurologic
- Altered mental status may be present in cases of severe dehydration, especially among elderly and pediatric patients