Traumatic brain injury history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Joanna Ekabua, M.D. [2]

Overview

The hallmark of traumatic brain injury is finding a positive history of headache, mental confusion, lightheadedness, dizziness, double vision, repeated vomiting or nausea, seizures, inability to awaken, dilation (widening) of one or both pupils, slurred speech.

History and Symptoms

Some symptoms are evident immediately, while others do not surface until several days or weeks after the injury.

With mild TBI, the patient may remain conscious or may lose consciousness for a few seconds or minutes. The person may also feel dazed or not like him- or herself for several days or weeks after the initial injury. Other symptoms include:

With moderate or severe TBI, the patient may show these same symptoms, but may also have:

Small children with moderate to severe TBI may show some of these symptoms as well as symptoms specific to young children, including:

  • Persistent crying
  • Inability to be consoled
  • Refusal to nurse or eat

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