Toxic megacolon causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]
Overview
The most common cause of toxic megacolon include inflammatory bowel disease and Clostridium difficile pseudomembranous colitis.
Causes
Life-threatening Cause
- There are no life-threatening causes of toxic megacolon.
Common Causes
Common causes of toxic megacolon include:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
- Inflammatory
- Ischemic colitis
- Kaposi sarcoma
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of toxic megacolon include:[8][9][10][11][12]
- Aspergillosis
- Collagenous colitis
- Rotavirus
- Malignancy like colonic lymohoma
- Pseudomembranous colitis secondary to methotrexate therapy
- Nonspecific colitis secondary to chemotherapy
- Cessation or interruption of ulcerative colitis therapy (5-ASA agents or steroids)
- Radition colitis
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | Ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, collagenous colitis |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | Bacterial, Clostridium difficile, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Rotavirus, Entamoeba, Cryptosporidium |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | Kaposi sarcoma |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | Behçet disease |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.
- Aspergillosis
- Behçet disease
- Campylobacter
- Cessation or interruption of ulcerative colitis therapy (5 ASA agents or steroids)
- Clostridium difficile
- Collagenous colitis
- Crohn disease
- Cryptosporidium
- Cytomegalovirus(CMV)
- Entamoeba
- Escherichia coli
- Ischemic colitis
- Kaposi sarcoma
- Malignancy like colonic lyphoma
- Nonspecific colitis secondary to chemotherapy
- Pseudomembranous colitis secondary to methotrexate therapy
- Radiation coliotis
- Rotavirus
- Rotavirus
- Salmonella
- Shigella
- Ulcerative colitis
- Yersinia
References
- ↑ Autenrieth DM, Baumgart DC (2012). "Toxic megacolon". Inflamm Bowel Dis. 18 (3): 584–91. doi:10.1002/ibd.21847. PMID 22009735.
- ↑ "Toxic megacolon - ScienceDirect".
- ↑ Surawicz CM, Haggitt RC, Husseman M, McFarland LV (1994). "Mucosal biopsy diagnosis of colitis: acute self-limited colitis and idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease". Gastroenterology. 107 (3): 755–63. PMID 8076762.
- ↑ Cooper HS, Raffensperger EC, Jonas L, Fitts WT (1977). "Cytomegalovirus inclusions in patients with ulcerative colitis and toxic dilation requiring colonic resection". Gastroenterology. 72 (6): 1253–6. PMID 192627.
- ↑ Nayar DM, Vetrivel S, McElroy J, Pai P, Koerner RJ, Rovetto MJ, Lamberton WF, Neely JR, Fahnestock SR, Wiesmann UN, DiDonato S, Herschkowitz NN, Kulik AM, Kondrat'eva LN, Chow YW, Pietranico R, Mukerji A, Frankle RT, Nayar DM, Vetrivel S, McElroy J, Pai P, Koerner RJ, Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G, Tarentino AL, Maley F, Daniels LK, Anderson TR, Slotkin TA, Maneksha S, Harry TV (2006). "Toxic megacolon complicating Escherichia coli O157 infection". J. Infect. 52 (4): e103–6. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2005.07.029. PMID 16126276.
- ↑ Hung CW, Wu WF, Wu CL (2009). "Rotavirus gastroenteritis complicated with toxic megacolon". Acta Paediatr. 98 (11): 1850–2. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01444.x. PMID 19650837.
- ↑ Adorian C, Khoury G, Tawil A, Sharara A (2003). "Behçet's disease complicated by toxic megacolon". Dig. Dis. Sci. 48 (12): 2366–8. PMID 14714626.
- ↑ Gan, S. Ian; Beck, P. L. (2003). "A new look at toxic megacolon: an update and review of incidence, etiology, pathogenesis, and management". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 98 (11): 2363–2371. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07696.x. ISSN 0002-9270.
- ↑ Pera A, Bellando P, Caldera D, Ponti V, Astegiano M, Barletti C, David E, Arrigoni A, Rocca G, Verme G (1987). "Colonoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease. Diagnostic accuracy and proposal of an endoscopic score". Gastroenterology. 92 (1): 181–5. PMID 3781186.
- ↑ Wodziński MA, Snowden JA, Reilly JT (1994). "Toxic megacolon complicating chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia". Postgrad Med J. 70 (830): 921–3. PMC 2398035. PMID 7870642.
- ↑ Bains S, Lloyd GM, Sutton CD, West K, Miller AS (2009). "A case of toxic megacolon in a patient with collagenous colitis". Tech Coloproctol. 13 (2): 165–6. doi:10.1007/s10151-009-0475-5. PMID 19484403.
- ↑ Hayes-Lattin BM, Curtin PT, Fleming WH, Leis JF, Stepan DE, Schubach S, Maziarz RT (2002). "Toxic megacolon: a life-threatening complication of high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation among patients with AL amyloidosis". Bone Marrow Transplant. 30 (5): 279–85. doi:10.1038/sj.bmt.1703627. PMID 12209349.