Tinnitus

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2] Sabeeh Islam, MBBS[3]

Causes of subjective tinnitus

Common Causes

Sensorineural hearing loss:

• Ototoxicity Presbycusis Noise induced hearing loss Late onset congenital hearing loss Idiopathic Cochlear injury: Ménière disease Loop diuretics Platinum based chemotherapy Antibiotics Salicylate Trauma Vascular causes: Systemic hypertension Sickle cell anemia Small vessel disease Hypercholesterolemia Hypercoagulable state Diabetic vasculopathy CNS causes: Pseudotumor cerebri Stroke Vascular malformations Tumor Sarcoid Multiple sclerosis Infections: Rubella Cytomegalovirus Chronic otitis media Neurosyphilis Measles Lyme disease Meningitis Bone disease: Otosclerosis Fibrous dysplasia Osteogenesis imperfecta Paget disease Metabolic disorders: Hyperparathyroidism Chronic renal failure Diabetes mellitus Thyroid disease Autoimmune diseases: Autoimmune inner ear disease SLE Rheumatoid arthritis Medications:

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

• Early clinical features include
• If left untreated, patients may progress to
• Common complications of