Thyroid adenoma pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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* Encapsulated [[tumor]]s without evidence of infiltration may be found.
* Encapsulated [[tumor]]s without evidence of infiltration may be found.
* [[Colloid]] nodules are distinguished by an apparently gelatinous mass of [[colloid]] both surrounding and contained within [[follicular cell]]s. Colloid [[nodules]] are not surrounded by a fibrous [[capsule]] of compressed [[tissue]]. However, they are surrounded by flattened [[epithelium|epithelial]] cells.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rcpa.tv/parts/educational/anatomical/Dr_Alpha_Tsui/Thyroid_cytology.pdf |title=Thyroid cytology |author=Dr. Alpha Tsui |date=10 October 2010 |publisher=thyroidmanager.org |accessdate=26 September 2011}}</ref> Both the number of cells and the type of colloid may vary considerably.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thyroidmanager.org/chapter%206d/fnabiopsy-frame.htm |title=Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of the Thyroid Gland, Chapter 6d.  |author=Diana S. Dean, M.D. Hossein Gharib, M.D. |date=10 October 2010 |publisher=thyroidmanager.org |accessdate=26 September 2011}}</ref>
* [[Colloid]] nodules are distinguished by an apparently gelatinous mass of [[colloid]] both surrounding and contained within [[follicular cell]]s. Colloid [[nodules]] are not surrounded by a fibrous [[capsule]] of compressed [[tissue]]. However, they are surrounded by flattened [[epithelium|epithelial]] cells.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rcpa.tv/parts/educational/anatomical/Dr_Alpha_Tsui/Thyroid_cytology.pdf |title=Thyroid cytology |author=Dr. Alpha Tsui |date=10 October 2010 |publisher=thyroidmanager.org |accessdate=26 September 2011}}</ref> Both the number of cells and the type of colloid may vary considerably.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thyroidmanager.org/chapter%206d/fnabiopsy-frame.htm |title=Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of the Thyroid Gland, Chapter 6d.  |author=Diana S. Dean, M.D. Hossein Gharib, M.D. |date=10 October 2010 |publisher=thyroidmanager.org |accessdate=26 September 2011}}</ref>
[[File:Follicular adenoma -- low mag.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Microscopic pathology of thyroid adenoma [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Follicular_adenoma_--_low_mag.jpg]]]
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Revision as of 18:32, 1 June 2019

Thyroid adenoma Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]

Overview

Thyroid adenoma arises from the epithelial cells of the thyroid gland, which are normally involved in secretion of thyroxine hormone. The most common gene involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid adenoma is THADA gene.

Pathogenesis

Thyroid adenoma are lumps which commonly arise within an otherwise normal thyroid gland. They indicate a thyroid neoplasm.[1]

Colloid Nodules

Colloid nodules are non-neoplastic benign nodules occurring within the thyroid gland. They form the vast majority of nodular thyroid disease. Colloid nodules are composed of irregularly enlarged follicles containing abundant colloid. Some colloid nodules can be cystic (cystic colloid nodule), and may contain areas of necrosis, hemorrhage, and calcification. Colloid nodules may be single or multiple and can vary considerably in size.[2]

Genetics

Associated Conditions

Gross Pathology

Thyroid follicular adenoma ranges in diameter from 3 cm on an average, but sometimes is larger (up to 10 cm) or smaller. The typical thyroid adenoma is a solitary, spherical, and encapsulated lesion that is well demarcated from the surrounding parenchyma.[5]The color ranges from gray-white to red-brown, depending upon:

  1. The cellularity of the adenoma
  2. The colloid content

Microscopic Pathology


Reference

  1. Niedziela M (June 2006). "Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules in children". Endocr. Relat. Cancer. 13 (2): 427–53. doi:10.1677/erc.1.00882. PMID 16728572.
  2. Zacks JF, de las Morenas A, Beazley RM, O'Brien MJ (1998). "Fine-needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of colloid nodule versus follicular variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid". Diagn Cytopathol. 18 (2): 87–90. PMID 9484634.
  3. Rippe V, Drieschner N, Meiboom M, Murua Escobar H, Bonk U, Belge G; et al. (2003). "Identification of a gene rearranged by 2p21 aberrations in thyroid adenomas". Oncogene. 22 (38): 6111–4. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206867. PMID 12955091.
  4. Kloth, Lars; Belge, Gazanfer; Burchardt, Käte; Loeschke, Siegfried; Wosniok, Werner; Fu, Xin; Nimzyk, Rolf; Mohamed, Salah A; Drieschner, Norbert; Rippe, Volkhard; Bullerdiek, Jörn (2011). "Decrease in thyroid adenoma associated (THADA) expression is a marker of dedifferentiation of thyroid tissue". BMC Clinical Pathology. 11 (1): 13. doi:10.1186/1472-6890-11-13. ISSN 1472-6890.
  5. Deveci MS, Deveci G, LiVolsi VA, Gupta PK, Baloch ZW (September 2007). "Concordance between thyroid nodule sizes measured by ultrasound and gross pathology examination: effect on patient management". Diagn. Cytopathol. 35 (9): 579–83. doi:10.1002/dc.20714. PMID 17703450.
  6. Dr. Alpha Tsui (10 October 2010). "Thyroid cytology" (PDF). thyroidmanager.org. Retrieved 26 September 2011.
  7. Diana S. Dean, M.D. Hossein Gharib, M.D. (10 October 2010). "Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of the Thyroid Gland, Chapter 6d". thyroidmanager.org. Retrieved 26 September 2011.