Thiabendazole: Difference between revisions
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===Fungicide=== | ===Fungicide=== | ||
It is used primarily to control [[mold]], [[blight]], and other fungally caused diseases in fruits (e.g. [[Orange (fruit)|oranges]]) and vegetables; it is also used as a [[prophylaxis|prophylactic]] treatment for [[Dutch elm disease]]. | It is used primarily to control [[mold]], [[blight]], and other fungally caused diseases in fruits (e.g. [[Orange (fruit)|oranges]]) and vegetables; it is also used as a [[prophylaxis|prophylactic]] treatment for [[Dutch elm disease]]. | ||
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===Parasiticide=== | ===Parasiticide=== | ||
As an antiparasitic, it is able to control [[roundworm]]s (such as those causing [[strongyloidiasis]]),<ref name="pmid15571478">{{cite journal |author=Igual-Adell R, Oltra-Alcaraz C, Soler-Company E, Sánchez-Sánchez P, Matogo-Oyana J, Rodríguez-Calabuig D |title=Efficacy and safety of ivermectin and thiabendazole in the treatment of strongyloidiasis |journal=Expert Opin Pharmacother |volume=5 |issue=12 |pages=2615–9 |year=2004 |month=December |pmid=15571478 |doi=10.1517/14656566.5.12.2615 |url=http://www.informapharmascience.com/doi/abs/10.1517/14656566.5.12.2615}}</ref> [[hookworm]]s, and other [[helminth]] species which attack wild animals, [[livestock]] and humans.<ref name="pmid12031927">{{cite journal |author=Portugal R, Schaffel R, Almeida L, Spector N, Nucci M |title=Thiabendazole for the prophylaxis of strongyloidiasis in immunosuppressed patients with hematological diseases: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study |journal=Haematologica |volume=87 |issue=6 |pages=663–4 |year=2002 |month=June |pmid=12031927 |doi= |url=http://www.haematologica.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12031927}}</ref> | As an antiparasitic, it is able to control [[roundworm]]s (such as those causing [[strongyloidiasis]]),<ref name="pmid15571478">{{cite journal |author=Igual-Adell R, Oltra-Alcaraz C, Soler-Company E, Sánchez-Sánchez P, Matogo-Oyana J, Rodríguez-Calabuig D |title=Efficacy and safety of ivermectin and thiabendazole in the treatment of strongyloidiasis |journal=Expert Opin Pharmacother |volume=5 |issue=12 |pages=2615–9 |year=2004 |month=December |pmid=15571478 |doi=10.1517/14656566.5.12.2615 |url=http://www.informapharmascience.com/doi/abs/10.1517/14656566.5.12.2615}}</ref> [[hookworm]]s, and other [[helminth]] species which attack wild animals, [[livestock]] and humans.<ref name="pmid12031927">{{cite journal |author=Portugal R, Schaffel R, Almeida L, Spector N, Nucci M |title=Thiabendazole for the prophylaxis of strongyloidiasis in immunosuppressed patients with hematological diseases: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study |journal=Haematologica |volume=87 |issue=6 |pages=663–4 |year=2002 |month=June |pmid=12031927 |doi= |url=http://www.haematologica.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12031927}}</ref> | ||
===Angiogenesis Inhibitor=== | ===Angiogenesis Inhibitor=== | ||
Genes responsible for the maintenance of cell walls in yeast have been shown to be responsible for [[angiogenesis]] in vertebrates. Tiabendazole serves to block angiogenesis in both frog embryos and human cells. It has also been shown to serve as a vascular disrupting agent to reduce newly established blood vessels. Tiabendazole has been shown to effectively do this in certain cancer cells <ref>{{cite journal|last=Cha|first=HJ|coauthors=Byrom M, Mead PE, Ellington AD, Wallingford JB, et al.|title=Evolutionarily Repurposed Networks Reveal the Well-Known Antifungal Drug Thiabendazole to Be a Novel Vascular Disrupting Agent|journal=PLoS Biology|year=2012|month=August|volume=10|issue=8|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001379|url=http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1001379|accessdate=2012-08-21}}</ref> | Genes responsible for the maintenance of cell walls in yeast have been shown to be responsible for [[angiogenesis]] in vertebrates. Tiabendazole serves to block angiogenesis in both frog embryos and human cells. It has also been shown to serve as a vascular disrupting agent to reduce newly established blood vessels. Tiabendazole has been shown to effectively do this in certain cancer cells <ref>{{cite journal|last=Cha|first=HJ|coauthors=Byrom M, Mead PE, Ellington AD, Wallingford JB, et al.|title=Evolutionarily Repurposed Networks Reveal the Well-Known Antifungal Drug Thiabendazole to Be a Novel Vascular Disrupting Agent|journal=PLoS Biology|year=2012|month=August|volume=10|issue=8|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001379|url=http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1001379|accessdate=2012-08-21}}</ref> | ||
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==Safety== | ==Safety== | ||
The substance appears to have a slight toxicity in higher doses, with effects such as liver and intestinal disorders at high exposure in test animals (just below {{LD50}} level).{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Some reproductive disorders and decreasing weaning weight have been observed, also at high exposure. Effects on humans from use as a drug include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, or headache; very rarely also ringing in the ears, vision changes, stomach pain, yellowing eyes and skin, dark urine, fever, fatigue, increased thirst and change in the amount of urine.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Carcinogenic effects have been shown at higher doses.<ref>{{cite web|title=Reregistration Eligibility Decision THIABENDAZOLE|url=http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/thiabendazole_red.pdf|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency|accessdate=8 January 2013}}</ref> | The substance appears to have a slight toxicity in higher doses, with effects such as liver and intestinal disorders at high exposure in test animals (just below {{LD50}} level).{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Some reproductive disorders and decreasing weaning weight have been observed, also at high exposure. Effects on humans from use as a drug include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, or headache; very rarely also ringing in the ears, vision changes, stomach pain, yellowing eyes and skin, dark urine, fever, fatigue, increased thirst and change in the amount of urine.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Carcinogenic effects have been shown at higher doses.<ref>{{cite web|title=Reregistration Eligibility Decision THIABENDAZOLE|url=http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/thiabendazole_red.pdf|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency|accessdate=8 January 2013}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 22:43, 6 January 2014
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Synonyms and keywords: Tiabendazole; TBZ
Overview
Thiabendazole is a fungicide and parasiticide.
Category
Anthelmintic
US Brand Names
MINTEZOL® (DISCONTINUED)
FDA Package Insert
Description | Clinical Pharmacology | Microbiology | Indications and Usage | Contraindications | Warnings and Precautions | Adverse Reactions | Drug Interactions | Overdosage | Clinical Studies | Dosage and Administration | How Supplied | Labels and Packages
Mechanism of Action
Thiabendazole works by inhibition of the mitochondrial, helminth-specific enzyme, fumarate reductase, with possible interaction with endogenous quinone.[1]
Uses
Fungicide
It is used primarily to control mold, blight, and other fungally caused diseases in fruits (e.g. oranges) and vegetables; it is also used as a prophylactic treatment for Dutch elm disease.
Use in treatment of aspergillosis has been reported.[2]
Parasiticide
As an antiparasitic, it is able to control roundworms (such as those causing strongyloidiasis),[3] hookworms, and other helminth species which attack wild animals, livestock and humans.[4]
Angiogenesis Inhibitor
Genes responsible for the maintenance of cell walls in yeast have been shown to be responsible for angiogenesis in vertebrates. Tiabendazole serves to block angiogenesis in both frog embryos and human cells. It has also been shown to serve as a vascular disrupting agent to reduce newly established blood vessels. Tiabendazole has been shown to effectively do this in certain cancer cells [5]
Other
Medicinally, thiabendazole is also a chelating agent, which means that it is used medicinally to bind metals in cases of metal poisoning, such as lead, mercury or antimony poisoning.
In dogs and cats, thiabendazole is used to treat ear infections.
Thiabendazole is also used as a food additive,[6][7] a preservative with E number E233 (INS number 233). For example, it is applied to bananas to ensure freshness, and is a common ingredient in the waxes applied to the skins of citrus fruits. It is not approved as a food additive in the EU,[8] Australia and New Zealand.[9]
Safety
The substance appears to have a slight toxicity in higher doses, with effects such as liver and intestinal disorders at high exposure in test animals (just below Template:LD50 level).[citation needed] Some reproductive disorders and decreasing weaning weight have been observed, also at high exposure. Effects on humans from use as a drug include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, or headache; very rarely also ringing in the ears, vision changes, stomach pain, yellowing eyes and skin, dark urine, fever, fatigue, increased thirst and change in the amount of urine.[citation needed] Carcinogenic effects have been shown at higher doses.[10]
References
- ↑ Gilman, A.G., T.W. Rall, A.S. Nies and P. Taylor (eds.). Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 8th ed. New York, NY. Pergamon Press, 1990., p. 970
- ↑ Upadhyay MP, West EP, Sharma AP (1980). "Keratitis due to Aspergillus flavus successfully treated with thiabendazole". Br J Ophthalmol. 64 (1): 30–2. doi:10.1136/bjo.64.1.30. PMC 1039343. PMID 6766732. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Igual-Adell R, Oltra-Alcaraz C, Soler-Company E, Sánchez-Sánchez P, Matogo-Oyana J, Rodríguez-Calabuig D (2004). "Efficacy and safety of ivermectin and thiabendazole in the treatment of strongyloidiasis". Expert Opin Pharmacother. 5 (12): 2615–9. doi:10.1517/14656566.5.12.2615. PMID 15571478. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Portugal R, Schaffel R, Almeida L, Spector N, Nucci M (2002). "Thiabendazole for the prophylaxis of strongyloidiasis in immunosuppressed patients with hematological diseases: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study". Haematologica. 87 (6): 663–4. PMID 12031927. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Cha, HJ (2012). "Evolutionarily Repurposed Networks Reveal the Well-Known Antifungal Drug Thiabendazole to Be a Novel Vascular Disrupting Agent". PLoS Biology. 10 (8). doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001379. Retrieved 2012-08-21. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Rosenblum C (1977). "Non-drug-related residues in tracer studies". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. 2 (4): 803–14. doi:10.1080/15287397709529480. PMID 853540. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Sax, N.I. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. Vol 1-3 7th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1989., p. 3251
- ↑ UK Food Standards Agency: "Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers". Retrieved 2011-10-27.
- ↑ Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code"Standard 1.2.4 - Labelling of ingredients". Retrieved 2011-10-27.
- ↑ "Reregistration Eligibility Decision THIABENDAZOLE" (PDF). Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 8 January 2013.