Testicular cancer epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
Testicular cancer is a rare type [[Cancer (medicine)|cancer]] accounting about 0.5% of all new cancer cases in U.S. In 2018, the estimate [[prevalence]] of testicular cancer is approximately 9,310 new cases of testicular cancers in the United States. The [[incidence]] of testicular cancer is approximately 5.7 per 100,000 [[men]] per year based on 2011-2015 report in the United States. The majority of cases are reported in New Zealand. Testicular cancer commonly affects more white [[males]] than any other races and black [[males]] are less affected by it. Testicular cancer is commonly affects [[men]] [[Age|aged]] 20-44 years old and [[median]] [[age]] is 33 years old.  
Testicular cancer is a rare type [[Cancer (medicine)|cancer]] accounting about 0.5% of all new [[Cancer (medicine)|cancer]] cases in U.S. In 2018, the estimate [[prevalence]] of testicular cancer is approximately 9,310 new cases of testicular cancers in the United States. The [[incidence]] of testicular cancer is approximately 5.7 per 100,000 [[men]] per year based on 2011-2015 report in the United States. The majority of cases are reported in New Zealand. Testicular cancer commonly affects more white [[males]] than any other races and black [[males]] are less affected by it. Testicular cancer is commonly affects [[men]] [[Age|aged]] 20-44 years old and [[median]] [[age]] is 33 years old.  


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
===Prevalence===
===Prevalence===
* Testicular cancer is the most common type of cancer in young males.<ref name="pmid24204171">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shanmugalingam T, Soultati A, Chowdhury S, Rudman S, Van Hemelrijck M |title=Global incidence and outcome of testicular cancer |journal=Clin Epidemiol |volume=5 |issue= |pages=417–27 |date=October 2013 |pmid=24204171 |pmc=3804606 |doi=10.2147/CLEP.S34430 |url=https://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S34430}}</ref><ref name="pmid30620402">{{cite journal |vauthors=Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A |title=Cancer statistics, 2019 |journal=CA Cancer J Clin |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=7–34 |date=January 2019 |pmid=30620402 |doi=10.3322/caac.21551 |url=}}</ref>
* Testicular cancer is the most common type of [[Cancer (medicine)|cancer]] in young [[males]].<ref name="pmid24204171">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shanmugalingam T, Soultati A, Chowdhury S, Rudman S, Van Hemelrijck M |title=Global incidence and outcome of testicular cancer |journal=Clin Epidemiol |volume=5 |issue= |pages=417–27 |date=October 2013 |pmid=24204171 |pmc=3804606 |doi=10.2147/CLEP.S34430 |url=https://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S34430}}</ref><ref name="pmid30620402">{{cite journal |vauthors=Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A |title=Cancer statistics, 2019 |journal=CA Cancer J Clin |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=7–34 |date=January 2019 |pmid=30620402 |doi=10.3322/caac.21551 |url=}}</ref>
* Germ cell tumors are about 98% of testicular cancer.<ref name="pmid20447912">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chia VM, Quraishi SM, Devesa SS, Purdue MP, Cook MB, McGlynn KA |title=International trends in the incidence of testicular cancer, 1973-2002 |journal=Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=1151–9 |date=May 2010 |pmid=20447912 |pmc=2867073 |doi=10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0031 |url=}}</ref>
* Germ cell tumors are about 98% of testicular cancer.<ref name="pmid20447912">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chia VM, Quraishi SM, Devesa SS, Purdue MP, Cook MB, McGlynn KA |title=International trends in the incidence of testicular cancer, 1973-2002 |journal=Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=1151–9 |date=May 2010 |pmid=20447912 |pmc=2867073 |doi=10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0031 |url=}}</ref>
**About 55% of [[germ cell]] [[Tumor|tumors]] are seminomas
**About 55% of [[germ cell]] [[Tumor|tumors]] are [[Seminoma|seminomas]]
**About 44% of [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] are non-seminomas
**About 44% of [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] are [[Nonseminoma|non-seminomas]]
**About 1-2% of [[Germ cells|germ cell]] [[tumors]] are spermatocytic
**About 1-2% of [[Germ cells|germ cell]] [[tumors]] are spermatocytic
* In the United States, the estimate [[prevalence]] of testicular cancer is approximately 9,310 new cases in 2018.<ref name="urlTesticular Cancer - Cancer Stat Facts">{{cite web |url=https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/testis.html |title=Testicular Cancer - Cancer Stat Facts |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
* In the United States, the estimate [[prevalence]] of testicular cancer is approximately 9,310 new cases in 2018.<ref name="urlTesticular Cancer - Cancer Stat Facts">{{cite web |url=https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/testis.html |title=Testicular Cancer - Cancer Stat Facts |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*Sex [[cord]] [[stromal]] testicular tumors are about less than 5%.
*[[Sex (activity)|Sex]] [[cord]] [[stromal]] testicular tumors are about less than 5%.


===Incidence===
===Incidence===
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===Age===
===Age===
* Testicular cancer is more common among men aged 20-44 years old.<ref name="pmid30620402">{{cite journal |vauthors=Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A |title=Cancer statistics, 2019 |journal=CA Cancer J Clin |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=7–34 |date=January 2019 |pmid=30620402 |doi=10.3322/caac.21551 |url=}}</ref>
* Testicular cancer is more common among [[men]] aged 20-44 years old.<ref name="pmid30620402">{{cite journal |vauthors=Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A |title=Cancer statistics, 2019 |journal=CA Cancer J Clin |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=7–34 |date=January 2019 |pmid=30620402 |doi=10.3322/caac.21551 |url=}}</ref>
* Median age is 33 years old.<ref name="pmid30620402">{{cite journal |vauthors=Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A |title=Cancer statistics, 2019 |journal=CA Cancer J Clin |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=7–34 |date=January 2019 |pmid=30620402 |doi=10.3322/caac.21551 |url=}}</ref>
* Median age is 33 years old.<ref name="pmid30620402">{{cite journal |vauthors=Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A |title=Cancer statistics, 2019 |journal=CA Cancer J Clin |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=7–34 |date=January 2019 |pmid=30620402 |doi=10.3322/caac.21551 |url=}}</ref>
* [[Germ cell tumor]]s of the testis are the most common cancer in young adults.<ref name="pmid24204171">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shanmugalingam T, Soultati A, Chowdhury S, Rudman S, Van Hemelrijck M |title=Global incidence and outcome of testicular cancer |journal=Clin Epidemiol |volume=5 |issue= |pages=417–27 |date=October 2013 |pmid=24204171 |pmc=3804606 |doi=10.2147/CLEP.S34430 |url=https://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S34430}}</ref>
* [[Germ cell tumor]]s of the testis are the most common cancer in young adults.<ref name="pmid24204171">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shanmugalingam T, Soultati A, Chowdhury S, Rudman S, Van Hemelrijck M |title=Global incidence and outcome of testicular cancer |journal=Clin Epidemiol |volume=5 |issue= |pages=417–27 |date=October 2013 |pmid=24204171 |pmc=3804606 |doi=10.2147/CLEP.S34430 |url=https://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S34430}}</ref>
*Median age is 33-39 years old for seminomas [[germ cell]] type of testicular cancer<ref name="pmid20447912">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chia VM, Quraishi SM, Devesa SS, Purdue MP, Cook MB, McGlynn KA |title=International trends in the incidence of testicular cancer, 1973-2002 |journal=Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=1151–9 |date=May 2010 |pmid=20447912 |pmc=2867073 |doi=10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0031 |url=}}</ref>
*Median age is 33-39 years old for [[Seminoma|seminomas]] [[germ cell]] type of testicular cancer<ref name="pmid20447912">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chia VM, Quraishi SM, Devesa SS, Purdue MP, Cook MB, McGlynn KA |title=International trends in the incidence of testicular cancer, 1973-2002 |journal=Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=1151–9 |date=May 2010 |pmid=20447912 |pmc=2867073 |doi=10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0031 |url=}}</ref>
*Median age is 25-29 years old for non-seminoma [[germ cell]] type of testicular cancer<ref name="pmid20447912">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chia VM, Quraishi SM, Devesa SS, Purdue MP, Cook MB, McGlynn KA |title=International trends in the incidence of testicular cancer, 1973-2002 |journal=Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=1151–9 |date=May 2010 |pmid=20447912 |pmc=2867073 |doi=10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0031 |url=}}</ref>
*Median age is 25-29 years old for [[Nonseminoma|non-seminoma]] [[germ cell]] type of testicular cancer<ref name="pmid20447912">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chia VM, Quraishi SM, Devesa SS, Purdue MP, Cook MB, McGlynn KA |title=International trends in the incidence of testicular cancer, 1973-2002 |journal=Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=1151–9 |date=May 2010 |pmid=20447912 |pmc=2867073 |doi=10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0031 |url=}}</ref>
*Median age is 50-54 years old for spermatocytic [[Germ cells|germ cell]] type of testicular cancer<ref name="pmid20447912">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chia VM, Quraishi SM, Devesa SS, Purdue MP, Cook MB, McGlynn KA |title=International trends in the incidence of testicular cancer, 1973-2002 |journal=Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=1151–9 |date=May 2010 |pmid=20447912 |pmc=2867073 |doi=10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0031 |url=}}</ref>  
*Median age is 50-54 years old for spermatocytic [[Germ cells|germ cell]] type of testicular cancer<ref name="pmid20447912">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chia VM, Quraishi SM, Devesa SS, Purdue MP, Cook MB, McGlynn KA |title=International trends in the incidence of testicular cancer, 1973-2002 |journal=Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=1151–9 |date=May 2010 |pmid=20447912 |pmc=2867073 |doi=10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0031 |url=}}</ref>  


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===Race===
===Race===
*Testicular cancer is more common in white males compared to other races.<ref name="urlTesticular Cancer - Cancer Stat Facts">{{cite web |url=https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/testis.html |title=Testicular Cancer - Cancer Stat Facts |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*Testicular cancer is more common in white [[males]] compared to other races.<ref name="urlTesticular Cancer - Cancer Stat Facts">{{cite web |url=https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/testis.html |title=Testicular Cancer - Cancer Stat Facts |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
* The [[incidence]] of testicular cancer in African American is lower than that among white people;<ref name="pmid16140086">{{cite journal| author=Gajendran VK, Nguyen M, Ellison LM| title=Testicular cancer patterns in African-American men. | journal=Urology | year= 2005 | volume= 66 | issue= 3 | pages= 602-5 | pmid=16140086 | doi=10.1016/j.urology.2005.03.071 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16140086  }} </ref> however, African American subjects tend to present at later stages of the disease due to a delayed presentation.<ref name="pmid16140086">{{cite journal| author=Gajendran VK, Nguyen M, Ellison LM| title=Testicular cancer patterns in African-American men. | journal=Urology | year= 2005 | volume= 66 | issue= 3 | pages= 602-5 | pmid=16140086 | doi=10.1016/j.urology.2005.03.071 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16140086  }} </ref>
* The [[incidence]] of testicular cancer in African American is lower than that among white people;<ref name="pmid16140086">{{cite journal| author=Gajendran VK, Nguyen M, Ellison LM| title=Testicular cancer patterns in African-American men. | journal=Urology | year= 2005 | volume= 66 | issue= 3 | pages= 602-5 | pmid=16140086 | doi=10.1016/j.urology.2005.03.071 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16140086  }} </ref> however, African American subjects tend to present at later stages of the [[disease]] due to a delayed presentation.<ref name="pmid16140086">{{cite journal| author=Gajendran VK, Nguyen M, Ellison LM| title=Testicular cancer patterns in African-American men. | journal=Urology | year= 2005 | volume= 66 | issue= 3 | pages= 602-5 | pmid=16140086 | doi=10.1016/j.urology.2005.03.071 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16140086  }} </ref>


* Shown below is a table depicting the age-adjusted [[incidence]] of testicular cancer by race in 2011-2015 in the United States.<ref name="urlTesticular Cancer - Cancer Stat Facts">{{cite web |url=https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/testis.html |title=Testicular Cancer - Cancer Stat Facts |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
* Shown below is a table depicting the age-adjusted [[incidence]] of testicular cancer by race in 2011-2015 in the United States.<ref name="urlTesticular Cancer - Cancer Stat Facts">{{cite web |url=https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/testis.html |title=Testicular Cancer - Cancer Stat Facts |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
Line 51: Line 51:
===Developing Countries===
===Developing Countries===
* Testicular cancer is uncommon in Asia and Africa.<ref name="pmid20447912">{{cite journal| author=Chia VM, Quraishi SM, Devesa SS, Purdue MP, Cook MB, McGlynn KA| title=International trends in the incidence of testicular cancer, 1973-2002. | journal=Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev | year= 2010 | volume= 19 | issue= 5 | pages= 1151-9 | pmid=20447912 | doi=10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0031 | pmc=PMC2867073 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20447912  }} </ref>  
* Testicular cancer is uncommon in Asia and Africa.<ref name="pmid20447912">{{cite journal| author=Chia VM, Quraishi SM, Devesa SS, Purdue MP, Cook MB, McGlynn KA| title=International trends in the incidence of testicular cancer, 1973-2002. | journal=Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev | year= 2010 | volume= 19 | issue= 5 | pages= 1151-9 | pmid=20447912 | doi=10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0031 | pmc=PMC2867073 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20447912  }} </ref>  
* The lowest incidence of testicular cancer is in India.<ref name="pmid24204171">{{cite journal| author=Shanmugalingam T, Soultati A, Chowdhury S, Rudman S, Van Hemelrijck M| title=Global incidence and outcome of testicular cancer. | journal=Clin Epidemiol | year= 2013 | volume= 5 | issue=  | pages= 417-427 | pmid=24204171 | doi=10.2147/CLEP.S34430 | pmc=PMC3804606 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24204171  }} </ref>
* The lowest [[incidence]] of testicular cancer is in India.<ref name="pmid24204171">{{cite journal| author=Shanmugalingam T, Soultati A, Chowdhury S, Rudman S, Van Hemelrijck M| title=Global incidence and outcome of testicular cancer. | journal=Clin Epidemiol | year= 2013 | volume= 5 | issue=  | pages= 417-427 | pmid=24204171 | doi=10.2147/CLEP.S34430 | pmc=PMC3804606 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24204171  }} </ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 00:53, 28 May 2019


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Gertrude Djouka, M.D.[2], Rim Halaby, M.D. [3], Shanshan Cen, M.D. [4]

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Overview

Testicular cancer is a rare type cancer accounting about 0.5% of all new cancer cases in U.S. In 2018, the estimate prevalence of testicular cancer is approximately 9,310 new cases of testicular cancers in the United States. The incidence of testicular cancer is approximately 5.7 per 100,000 men per year based on 2011-2015 report in the United States. The majority of cases are reported in New Zealand. Testicular cancer commonly affects more white males than any other races and black males are less affected by it. Testicular cancer is commonly affects men aged 20-44 years old and median age is 33 years old.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

Incidence

  • The incidence of testicular cancer is approximately 5.7 per 100,000 men per year based on 2011-2015 report in the United States.[4]

Age

  • Testicular cancer is more common among men aged 20-44 years old.[2]
  • Median age is 33 years old.[2]
  • Germ cell tumors of the testis are the most common cancer in young adults.[1]
  • Median age is 33-39 years old for seminomas germ cell type of testicular cancer[3]
  • Median age is 25-29 years old for non-seminoma germ cell type of testicular cancer[3]
  • Median age is 50-54 years old for spermatocytic germ cell type of testicular cancer[3]

Mortality rate

  • The 5 years of survival rate for patients with testicular cancer are 95.3% in 2008-2014.[4]

Race

  • Testicular cancer is more common in white males compared to other races.[4]
  • The incidence of testicular cancer in African American is lower than that among white people;[5] however, African American subjects tend to present at later stages of the disease due to a delayed presentation.[5]
  • Shown below is a table depicting the age-adjusted incidence of testicular cancer by race in 2011-2015 in the United States.[4]
All Races White Black Asian/Pacific Islander Hispanic
Age-adjusted incidence 5.7 per 100,000 6.8 per 100,000 1.5 per 100,000 2.3 per 100,000 5.3 per 100,000

Developed Countries

  • The highest rates of incidence in New Zealand, followed by United Kingdom, Australia, Sweden, United States, Poland, and Spain.[1]

Developing Countries

  • Testicular cancer is uncommon in Asia and Africa.[3]
  • The lowest incidence of testicular cancer is in India.[1]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Shanmugalingam T, Soultati A, Chowdhury S, Rudman S, Van Hemelrijck M (October 2013). "Global incidence and outcome of testicular cancer". Clin Epidemiol. 5: 417–27. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S34430. PMC 3804606. PMID 24204171.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A (January 2019). "Cancer statistics, 2019". CA Cancer J Clin. 69 (1): 7–34. doi:10.3322/caac.21551. PMID 30620402.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Chia VM, Quraishi SM, Devesa SS, Purdue MP, Cook MB, McGlynn KA (May 2010). "International trends in the incidence of testicular cancer, 1973-2002". Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 19 (5): 1151–9. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0031. PMC 2867073. PMID 20447912.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 "Testicular Cancer - Cancer Stat Facts".
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Gajendran VK, Nguyen M, Ellison LM (2005). "Testicular cancer patterns in African-American men". Urology. 66 (3): 602–5. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2005.03.071. PMID 16140086.


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