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{{Teratoma}}
{{Teratoma}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{MD}}
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==Overview==
Teratomas are subtypes of germ cell tumors.Teratomas may be classified into four subgroups based on the histology and site features.


==Classification==
==Classification==
:* 1. '''World Health Organization classification of CNS teratoma'''<ref name="pmid9046301">{{cite journal| author=Matsutani M, Sano K, Takakura K, Fujimaki T, Nakamura O, Funata N et al.| title=Primary intracranial germ cell tumors: a clinical analysis of 153 histologically verified cases. | journal=J Neurosurg | year= 1997 | volume= 86 | issue= 3 | pages= 446-55 | pmid=9046301 | doi=10.3171/jns.1997.86.3.0446 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9046301 }} </ref>
*Teratomas may be classified into four subgroups based on the histology features.<ref name="pmid27528018">{{cite journal| author=Zuquello RÁ, Tagliari G, Bagatini R, Camiña RH, Caron R, Lorencette NA et al.| title=Immature teratoma presenting as a soft-tissue mass with no evidence of other sites of involvement: a case report. | journal=Diagn Pathol | year= 2016 | volume= 11 | issue= 1 | pages= 76 | pmid=27528018 | doi=10.1186/s13000-016-0527-x | pmc=4986345 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27528018 }} </ref><ref name="PetersonBuckley2012">{{cite journal|last1=Peterson|first1=Christine M.|last2=Buckley|first2=Celine|last3=Holley|first3=Susan|last4=Menias|first4=Christine O.|title=Teratomas: A Multimodality Review|journal=Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology|volume=41|issue=6|year=2012|pages=210–219|issn=03630188|doi=10.1067/j.cpradiol.2012.02.001}}</ref><ref name="pmid26894303">{{cite journal| author=Meinhold-Heerlein I, Fotopoulou C, Harter P, Kurzeder C, Mustea A, Wimberger P et al.| title=The new WHO classification of ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer and its clinical implications. | journal=Arch Gynecol Obstet | year= 2016 | volume= 293 | issue= 4 | pages= 695-700 | pmid=26894303 | doi=10.1007/s00404-016-4035-8 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26894303 }} </ref>
:::* Teratoma.
**Mature teratoma which is benign cystic and solid.
::::* Immature.
**Immature teratoma which is malignant with some embryonic component.
::::* Mature.
**Malignant teratoma with some somatic malignant neoplasm component.
::::* Teratoma with malignant transformation.
**Monodermal teratoma.  
 
*Teratomas may also be classified based on the site:<ref name="pmid29798962">{{cite journal| author=Varma AV, Malpani G, Agrawal P, Malukani K, Dosi S| title=Clinicopathological spectrum of teratomas: An 8-year retrospective study from a tertiary care institute. | journal=Indian J Cancer | year= 2017 | volume= 54 | issue= 3 | pages= 576-579 | pmid=29798962 | doi=10.4103/ijc.IJC_294_17 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29798962 }} </ref>
:* 2. '''Childhood Extracranial teratoma classification'''
**Intragonadal (ovary and testis).
::* 2.1 GCTs arise from primordial germ cells, which migrate during embryogenesis from the yolk sac through the mesentery to the gonads.<ref name="pmid6343221">{{cite journal| author=Dehner LP| title=Gonadal and extragonadal germ cell neoplasia of childhood. | journal=Hum Pathol | year= 1983 | volume= 14 | issue= 6 | pages= 493-511 | pmid=6343221 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6343221  }} </ref><ref name="pmid18381640">{{cite journal| author=McIntyre A, Gilbert D, Goddard N, Looijenga L, Shipley J| title=Genes, chromosomes and the development of testicular germ cell tumors of adolescents and adults. | journal=Genes Chromosomes Cancer | year= 2008 | volume= 47 | issue= 7 | pages= 547-57 | pmid=18381640 | doi=10.1002/gcc.20562 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18381640 }} </ref> Childhood extracranial GCTs can be divided into the following two types:
**Extragonadal (sacrococcygeal, retroperitoneum, mediastinum, and others).
::::* Gonadal.
::::* Extragonadal.
::* 2.2 Most childhood extragonadal teratoma arise in midline sites (i.e., sacrococcygeal, mediastinal, and retroperitoneal); the midline location may represent aberrant embryonic migration of the primordial germ cells.Childhood extracranial teratoma are broadly classified as the following:
::::* Mature teratomas.
::::* Immature teratomas.
::* 2.3 Pediatric teratoma Biology
:::* The following biologically distinct subtypes of teratoma are found in children and adolescents:
::::* Testicular.  
::::* Ovarian.
::::* Extragonadal extracranial.
:*3. '''Cellular Classification of Ovarian Teratoma'''
::* The following histologic subtypes have been described.<ref name="pmid8381708">{{cite journal| author=Gershenson DM| title=Update on malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. | journal=Cancer | year= 1993 | volume= 71 | issue= 4 Suppl | pages= 1581-90 | pmid=8381708 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8381708 }} </ref><ref>Serov SF, Scully RE, Robin IH: International Histologic Classification of Tumours: No. 9. Histological Typing of Ovarian Tumours. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1973.</ref>
:::* Teratoma.
::::* Immature.
::::* Mature.
::::::* Solid.
::::::* Cystic.
:::::::* [[Dermoid cyst]] (mature cystic teratoma).
:::::::* [[Dermoid cyst]] with malignant transformation.
:::* Monodermal and highly specialized.
:::::* Struma ovarii.
:::::* Carcinoid.
:::::* Struma ovarii and carcinoid.
:::::* Others (e.g., malignant neuroectodermal and ependymoma).
:* 4. '''Cellular Classification of Testicular Cancer''' <ref>Woodward PJ, Heidenreich A, Looijenga LHJ, et al.: Germ cell tumours. In: Eble JN, Sauter G, Epstein JI, et al.: Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs. Lyon, France: IARC Press, 2004, pp 221-49.</ref><ref>Ulbright TM, Berney DM: Testicular and paratesticular tumors. In: Mills SE, Carter D, Greenson JK, et al., eds.: Sternberg's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010, pp 1944-2004.</ref><ref>Bosi GJ, Feldman DR, Bajorin DE, et al.: Cancer of the testis. In: DeVita VT Jr, Lawrence TS, Rosenberg SA: Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011, pp 1280-1301</ref>
::* 4.1 Malignant pure germ cell tumor (showing a single-cell type):
 
::::* Teratoma.
::* 4.2 Malignant mixed germ cell tumor (showing more than one histologic pattern):
::::* Embryonal carcinoma and teratoma with or without seminoma.
::::* Yolk sac tumor and teratoma with or without seminoma.
 
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
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Latest revision as of 19:21, 4 November 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Gertrude Djouka, M.D.[2], Masoud Bitarafan, M.D[[3]]Amandeep Singh M.D.[4]

Overview

Teratomas are subtypes of germ cell tumors.Teratomas may be classified into four subgroups based on the histology and site features.

Classification

  • Teratomas may be classified into four subgroups based on the histology features.[1][2][3]
    • Mature teratoma which is benign cystic and solid.
    • Immature teratoma which is malignant with some embryonic component.
    • Malignant teratoma with some somatic malignant neoplasm component.
    • Monodermal teratoma.
  • Teratomas may also be classified based on the site:[4]
    • Intragonadal (ovary and testis).
    • Extragonadal (sacrococcygeal, retroperitoneum, mediastinum, and others).

References

  1. Zuquello RÁ, Tagliari G, Bagatini R, Camiña RH, Caron R, Lorencette NA; et al. (2016). "Immature teratoma presenting as a soft-tissue mass with no evidence of other sites of involvement: a case report". Diagn Pathol. 11 (1): 76. doi:10.1186/s13000-016-0527-x. PMC 4986345. PMID 27528018.
  2. Peterson, Christine M.; Buckley, Celine; Holley, Susan; Menias, Christine O. (2012). "Teratomas: A Multimodality Review". Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology. 41 (6): 210–219. doi:10.1067/j.cpradiol.2012.02.001. ISSN 0363-0188.
  3. Meinhold-Heerlein I, Fotopoulou C, Harter P, Kurzeder C, Mustea A, Wimberger P; et al. (2016). "The new WHO classification of ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer and its clinical implications". Arch Gynecol Obstet. 293 (4): 695–700. doi:10.1007/s00404-016-4035-8. PMID 26894303.
  4. Varma AV, Malpani G, Agrawal P, Malukani K, Dosi S (2017). "Clinicopathological spectrum of teratomas: An 8-year retrospective study from a tertiary care institute". Indian J Cancer. 54 (3): 576–579. doi:10.4103/ijc.IJC_294_17. PMID 29798962.