Teratoma (patient information): Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Teratoma|here]]'''
'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Teratoma|here]]'''


{{SI}}
{{Teratoma (patient information)}}


'''Editor-in-Chief:''' Jinhui Wu, MD
'''Editor-in-Chief:''' [[C. Michael Gibson]], M.S.,M.D. [mailto:charlesmichaelgibson@gmail.com]  Phone:617-632-7753; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' Jinhui Wu, M.D.


{{EJ}}
==Overview==
Teratoma is a type of cancer made of cysts that contain one or more of the three main types of cells found in a developing embryo. Some teratomas are benign, some are cancerous. And benign teratomas have the risks to change into cancerous. Generally, teratomas are located in the genital glands, mediastinum and sacrococcygeal region. Symptoms vary depending on the locations. Usual symptoms include [[abdominal pain]], [[shortness of breath]], [[cough]], [[chest pain]] and abnormal [[bleeding]] from the vagina. Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels and some imaging tests may be helpful for the diagnosis. Treatments include [[surgery]] and [[chemotherapy]].


==What is teratoma?==
==What are the symptoms of Teratoma?==
 
Signs and symptoms vary depending on the location. Early teratoma does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:  
==How do I know if I have teratoma and what are the symptoms of teratoma?==
Early teratoma does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:  


:*[[Chest pain]]
:*[[Chest pain]]
:*[[Cough]]
:*[[Cough]]
:*[[Fatigue]]
:*[[Shortness of breath]]
:*[[Abdominal pain]]
:*[[Lump]]
:*Abnormal [[bleeding]] from the vagina
:*[[Fatigue]], [[weight loss]]
:*Limited ability to tolerate exercise
:*Limited ability to tolerate exercise
:*[[Shortness of breath]]


Other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
Other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.


==Who is at risk for teratoma?==
==What causes Teratoma?==
The cause of teratoma is not clear.
It is often located in the chest area. Most malignant teratomas can spread throughout the body, and have spread by the time of diagnosis.
 
A number of other cancers are often associated with these tumors, including:
 
*[[Acute myelogenous leukemia]] (AML)
*Embryonal [[rhabdomyosarcoma]]
*Malignant [[histiocytosis]]
*[[Myelodysplasia]] (MDS)
*[[Small cell carcinoma|Small cell undifferentiated carcinoma]]


==How to know you have teratoma?==
==Who is at highest risk?==
Teratoma occurs most often in young men in their 20s - 30s


==When to seek urgent medical care?==
==When to seek urgent medical care?==
Call your health care provider if symptoms of teratoma develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:
:*[[Shortness of breath]]
:*Severe [[abdominal pain]]
:*A large amount of [[bleeding]] from the vagina


==Treatment options==
==Treatment options==
The health care provider will perform a physical exam, which may reveal signs of congestive heart failure and increased pressure in the chest area.
The following tests help diagnose the tumor:
:*Blood tests to check beta-HCG and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels: For patients with teratoma, the two levela may be much higher than normal.
:*Computed tomograph scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis: CT scans are often used to diagnose teratoma. It can confirm the location of the cancer and show the organs nearby, as well as lymph nodes and distant organs where the cancer might have spread. These are helpful for determining the stage of the cancer and in determining whether surgery is a good treatment option.
<div align="left">
<gallery heights="175" widths="175">
Image:Germ-cell-tumor-001.jpg|CT shows [[Mediastinal germ cell tumor | Mediastinal Teratoma]]
</gallery>
</div>
:*Mediastinoscopy,  laparoscopes with [[biopsy]]
Patients with teratoma have many treatment options. The selection depends on the stage of the tumor. The options are surgery and chemotherapy, or a combination of these methods. Before treatment starts, ask your health care team about possible side effects and how treatment may change your normal activities. Because cancer treatments often damage healthy cells and tissues, side effects are common. [[Side effect]] may not be the same for each person, and they may change from one treatment session to the next.  
Patients with teratoma have many treatment options. The selection depends on the stage of the tumor. The options are surgery and chemotherapy, or a combination of these methods. Before treatment starts, ask your health care team about possible side effects and how treatment may change your normal activities. Because cancer treatments often damage healthy cells and tissues, side effects are common. [[Side effect]] may not be the same for each person, and they may change from one treatment session to the next.  


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==Diseases with similar symptoms==
==Diseases with similar symptoms==
Different locational teratomas show different symptoms and signs.
'''Teratoma in genital gland''' needs to differ from
:*[[Ovarian cancer]]
:*[[Ovarian cysts]]
'''Mediastinal teratoma''' needs to differ from
:*[[Thymoma]]
:*[[Lung cancer]]


==Where to find medical care for teratoma?==
'''Sacrococcygeal teratoma''' needs to differ from
:*[[Meningocele]]
 
==Where to find medical care for Teratoma?==


[http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&amp;hl=en&amp;geocode=&amp;q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|teratoma}}}}&amp;sll=37.0625,-95.677068&amp;sspn=65.008093,112.148438&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;ll=37.0625,-95.677068&amp;spn=91.690419,149.414063&amp;z=2&amp;source=embed Directions to Hospitals Treating teratoma]
[http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&amp;hl=en&amp;geocode=&amp;q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|teratoma}}}}&amp;sll=37.0625,-95.677068&amp;sspn=65.008093,112.148438&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;ll=37.0625,-95.677068&amp;spn=91.690419,149.414063&amp;z=2&amp;source=embed Directions to Hospitals Treating teratoma]


==Prevention of teratoma==
==Prevention of Teratoma==
Because the cause is not clear, the preventive measure is unknown.
Because the cause is not clear, the preventive measure is unknown.


==What to expect (Outook/Prognosis)?==
==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?==
The prognosis of teratoma depends on the following:
The prognosis of teratoma depends on the following:


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:*The patient’s general health
:*The patient’s general health


==Copyleft Sources==
==Possible complications==
The cancer can spread throughout the body and there may be complications of surgery or related to chemotherapy.
 
==Sources==
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001316.htm
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001316.htm
==References==
{{reflist|2}}


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{{WH}}
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[[Category:Patient Information]]
 
[[Category:Patient information]]
[[Category:Oncology patient information]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]

Latest revision as of 06:10, 16 December 2019

For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here

Teratoma

Overview

What are the symptoms?

What are the causes?

Who is at highest risk?

Diagnosis

When to seek urgent medical care?

Treatment options

Where to find medical care for Teratoma?

Prevention

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

Possible complications

Teratoma On the Web

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

Images of Teratoma

Videos on Teratoma

FDA on Teratoma

CDC on Teratoma

Teratoma in the news

Blogs on Teratoma

Directions to Hospitals Treating Teratoma

Risk calculators and risk factors for Teratoma

Editor-in-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S.,M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Jinhui Wu, M.D.

Overview

Teratoma is a type of cancer made of cysts that contain one or more of the three main types of cells found in a developing embryo. Some teratomas are benign, some are cancerous. And benign teratomas have the risks to change into cancerous. Generally, teratomas are located in the genital glands, mediastinum and sacrococcygeal region. Symptoms vary depending on the locations. Usual symptoms include abdominal pain, shortness of breath, cough, chest pain and abnormal bleeding from the vagina. Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels and some imaging tests may be helpful for the diagnosis. Treatments include surgery and chemotherapy.

What are the symptoms of Teratoma?

Signs and symptoms vary depending on the location. Early teratoma does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:

Other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

What causes Teratoma?

It is often located in the chest area. Most malignant teratomas can spread throughout the body, and have spread by the time of diagnosis.

A number of other cancers are often associated with these tumors, including:

Who is at highest risk?

Teratoma occurs most often in young men in their 20s - 30s

When to seek urgent medical care?

Call your health care provider if symptoms of teratoma develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:

Treatment options

The health care provider will perform a physical exam, which may reveal signs of congestive heart failure and increased pressure in the chest area.

The following tests help diagnose the tumor:

  • Blood tests to check beta-HCG and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels: For patients with teratoma, the two levela may be much higher than normal.
  • Computed tomograph scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis: CT scans are often used to diagnose teratoma. It can confirm the location of the cancer and show the organs nearby, as well as lymph nodes and distant organs where the cancer might have spread. These are helpful for determining the stage of the cancer and in determining whether surgery is a good treatment option.
  • Mediastinoscopy, laparoscopes with biopsy

Patients with teratoma have many treatment options. The selection depends on the stage of the tumor. The options are surgery and chemotherapy, or a combination of these methods. Before treatment starts, ask your health care team about possible side effects and how treatment may change your normal activities. Because cancer treatments often damage healthy cells and tissues, side effects are common. Side effect may not be the same for each person, and they may change from one treatment session to the next.

  • Surgery: If the teratoma has not spread and the patient's general health is available, the surgery may be recommened.
  • Chemotherapy: The treatment is to use drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Usual used drugs are cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin.

Diseases with similar symptoms

Different locational teratomas show different symptoms and signs.

Teratoma in genital gland needs to differ from

Mediastinal teratoma needs to differ from

Sacrococcygeal teratoma needs to differ from

Where to find medical care for Teratoma?

Directions to Hospitals Treating teratoma

Prevention of Teratoma

Because the cause is not clear, the preventive measure is unknown.

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

The prognosis of teratoma depends on the following:

  • Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery.
  • The size and location of the tumor
  • The patient’s general health

Possible complications

The cancer can spread throughout the body and there may be complications of surgery or related to chemotherapy.

Sources

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001316.htm

References

Template:WH Template:WS