TLX: Difference between revisions

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TLX regulates the expression of another nuclear receptor, [[retinoic acid receptor|RAR]].<ref name="pmid11073974">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kobayashi M, Yu RT, Yasuda K, Umesono K | title = Cell-type-specific regulation of the retinoic acid receptor mediated by the orphan nuclear receptor TLX | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 20 | issue = 23 | pages = 8731–9 | date = Dec 2000 | pmid = 11073974 | pmc = 86495 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.20.23.8731-8739.2000 }}</ref>
TLX regulates the expression of another nuclear receptor, [[retinoic acid receptor|RAR]].<ref name="pmid11073974">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kobayashi M, Yu RT, Yasuda K, Umesono K | title = Cell-type-specific regulation of the retinoic acid receptor mediated by the orphan nuclear receptor TLX | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 20 | issue = 23 | pages = 8731–9 | date = Dec 2000 | pmid = 11073974 | pmc = 86495 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.20.23.8731-8739.2000 }}</ref>


TLX also is essential for normal brain-eye coordination and appears to play a role in control of aggressive behavior.<ref name="pmid16000615">{{cite journal | vauthors = Abrahams BS, Kwok MC, Trinh E, Budaghzadeh S, Hossain SM, Simpson EM | title = Pathological aggression in "fierce" mice corrected by human nuclear receptor 2E1 | journal = The Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 25 | issue = 27 | pages = 6263–70 | date = Jul 2005 | pmid = 16000615 | doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4757-04.2005 }}</ref>
TLX also is essential for normal brain-eye coordination and appears to play a role in control of aggressive behavior.<ref name="pmid16000615">{{cite journal | vauthors = Abrahams BS, Kwok MC, Trinh E, Budaghzadeh S, Hossain SM, Simpson EM | title = Pathological aggression in "fierce" mice corrected by human nuclear receptor 2E1 | journal = The Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 25 | issue = 27 | pages = 6263–70 | date = Jul 2005 | pmid = 16000615 | doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4757-04.2005 | url = http://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/25/27/6263.full.pdf }}</ref>


Adult neural stem cells are nuclear receptor TLX-positive and TLX expression in these cells is crucial in maintaining their undifferentiated state.<ref name="pmid14702088">{{cite journal | vauthors = Shi Y, Chichung Lie D, Taupin P, Nakashima K, Ray J, Yu RT, Gage FH, Evans RM | title = Expression and function of orphan nuclear receptor TLX in adult neural stem cells | journal = Nature | volume = 427 | issue = 6969 | pages = 78–83 | date = Jan 2004 | pmid = 14702088 | doi = 10.1038/nature02211 }}</ref> Furthermore, TLX regulates adult [[Neurogenesis#Adult neural stem cells|neural stem cell]] proliferation. Removal of TLX from the adult mouse brain resulted in a reduction of stem cell proliferation and spatial learning.<ref name="pmid18235445">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang CL, Zou Y, He W, Gage FH, Evans RM | title = A role for adult TLX-positive neural stem cells in learning and behaviour | journal = Nature | volume = 451 | issue = 7181 | pages = 1004–7 | date = Feb 2008 | pmid = 18235445 | doi = 10.1038/nature06562 }}</ref>
Adult neural stem cells are nuclear receptor TLX-positive and TLX expression in these cells is crucial in maintaining their undifferentiated state.<ref name="pmid14702088">{{cite journal | vauthors = Shi Y, Chichung Lie D, Taupin P, Nakashima K, Ray J, Yu RT, Gage FH, Evans RM | title = Expression and function of orphan nuclear receptor TLX in adult neural stem cells | journal = Nature | volume = 427 | issue = 6969 | pages = 78–83 | date = Jan 2004 | pmid = 14702088 | doi = 10.1038/nature02211 }}</ref> Furthermore, TLX regulates adult [[Neurogenesis#Adult neural stem cells|neural stem cell]] proliferation. Removal of TLX from the adult mouse brain resulted in a reduction of stem cell proliferation and spatial learning.<ref name="pmid18235445">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang CL, Zou Y, He W, Gage FH, Evans RM | title = A role for adult TLX-positive neural stem cells in learning and behaviour | journal = Nature | volume = 451 | issue = 7181 | pages = 1004–7 | date = Feb 2008 | pmid = 18235445 | doi = 10.1038/nature06562 }}</ref>
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* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kobayashi M, Yu RT, Yasuda K, Umesono K | title = Cell-type-specific regulation of the retinoic acid receptor mediated by the orphan nuclear receptor TLX | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 20 | issue = 23 | pages = 8731–9 | date = Dec 2000 | pmid = 11073974 | pmc = 86495 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.20.23.8731-8739.2000 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kobayashi M, Yu RT, Yasuda K, Umesono K | title = Cell-type-specific regulation of the retinoic acid receptor mediated by the orphan nuclear receptor TLX | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 20 | issue = 23 | pages = 8731–9 | date = Dec 2000 | pmid = 11073974 | pmc = 86495 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.20.23.8731-8739.2000 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Abrahams BS, Mak GM, Berry ML, Palmquist DL, Saionz JR, Tay A, Tan YH, Brenner S, Simpson EM, Venkatesh B | title = Novel vertebrate genes and putative regulatory elements identified at kidney disease and NR2E1/fierce loci | journal = Genomics | volume = 80 | issue = 1 | pages = 45–53 | date = Jul 2002 | pmid = 12079282 | doi = 10.1006/geno.2002.6795 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Abrahams BS, Mak GM, Berry ML, Palmquist DL, Saionz JR, Tay A, Tan YH, Brenner S, Simpson EM, Venkatesh B | title = Novel vertebrate genes and putative regulatory elements identified at kidney disease and NR2E1/fierce loci | journal = Genomics | volume = 80 | issue = 1 | pages = 45–53 | date = Jul 2002 | pmid = 12079282 | doi = 10.1006/geno.2002.6795 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Abrahams BS, Kwok MC, Trinh E, Budaghzadeh S, Hossain SM, Simpson EM | title = Pathological aggression in "fierce" mice corrected by human nuclear receptor 2E1 | journal = The Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 25 | issue = 27 | pages = 6263–70 | date = Jul 2005 | pmid = 16000615 | doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4757-04.2005 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Abrahams BS, Kwok MC, Trinh E, Budaghzadeh S, Hossain SM, Simpson EM | title = Pathological aggression in "fierce" mice corrected by human nuclear receptor 2E1 | journal = The Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 25 | issue = 27 | pages = 6263–70 | date = Jul 2005 | pmid = 16000615 | doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4757-04.2005 | url = http://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/25/27/6263.full.pdf }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kumar RA, Leach S, Bonaguro R, Chen J, Yokom DW, Abrahams BS, Seaver L, Schwartz CE, Dobyns W, Brooks-Wilson A, Simpson EM | title = Mutation and evolutionary analyses identify NR2E1-candidate-regulatory mutations in humans with severe cortical malformations | journal = Genes, Brain, and Behavior | volume = 6 | issue = 6 | pages = 503–16 | date = Aug 2007 | pmid = 17054721 | pmc = 2040186 | doi = 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00277.x }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kumar RA, Leach S, Bonaguro R, Chen J, Yokom DW, Abrahams BS, Seaver L, Schwartz CE, Dobyns W, Brooks-Wilson A, Simpson EM | title = Mutation and evolutionary analyses identify NR2E1-candidate-regulatory mutations in humans with severe cortical malformations | journal = Genes, Brain, and Behavior | volume = 6 | issue = 6 | pages = 503–16 | date = Aug 2007 | pmid = 17054721 | pmc = 2040186 | doi = 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00277.x }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kumar RA, Everman DB, Morgan CT, Slavotinek A, Schwartz CE, Simpson EM | title = Absence of mutations in NR2E1 and SNX3 in five patients with MMEP (microcephaly, microphthalmia, ectrodactyly, and prognathism) and related phenotypes | journal = BMC Medical Genetics | volume = 8 | pages = 48 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17655765 | pmc = 1950490 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2350-8-48 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kumar RA, Everman DB, Morgan CT, Slavotinek A, Schwartz CE, Simpson EM | title = Absence of mutations in NR2E1 and SNX3 in five patients with MMEP (microcephaly, microphthalmia, ectrodactyly, and prognathism) and related phenotypes | journal = BMC Medical Genetics | volume = 8 | pages = 48 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17655765 | pmc = 1950490 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2350-8-48 }}

Latest revision as of 18:12, 25 May 2018

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
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Nuclear receptor TLX (homologue of the Drosophila tailless gene) also known as NR2E1 (Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR2E1 gene.[1] TLX is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors.

Function

TLX regulates the expression of another nuclear receptor, RAR.[2]

TLX also is essential for normal brain-eye coordination and appears to play a role in control of aggressive behavior.[3]

Adult neural stem cells are nuclear receptor TLX-positive and TLX expression in these cells is crucial in maintaining their undifferentiated state.[4] Furthermore, TLX regulates adult neural stem cell proliferation. Removal of TLX from the adult mouse brain resulted in a reduction of stem cell proliferation and spatial learning.[5]

Tlx-positive cells of the subventricular zone of adult mouse brain are self-renewing stem cells. Mutation of the Tlx gene in adult mouse brain leads to complete loss of neurogenesis in the subventricular zone. Tlx is also required for transition from radial glial cells to astrocyte-like neural stem cells.[6]

References

  1. Jackson A, Panayiotidis P, Foroni L (May 1998). "The human homologue of the Drosophila tailless gene (TLX): characterization and mapping to a region of common deletion in human lymphoid leukemia on chromosome 6q21". Genomics. 50 (1): 34–43. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5270. PMID 9628820.
  2. Kobayashi M, Yu RT, Yasuda K, Umesono K (Dec 2000). "Cell-type-specific regulation of the retinoic acid receptor mediated by the orphan nuclear receptor TLX". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 20 (23): 8731–9. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.23.8731-8739.2000. PMC 86495. PMID 11073974.
  3. Abrahams BS, Kwok MC, Trinh E, Budaghzadeh S, Hossain SM, Simpson EM (Jul 2005). "Pathological aggression in "fierce" mice corrected by human nuclear receptor 2E1" (PDF). The Journal of Neuroscience. 25 (27): 6263–70. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4757-04.2005. PMID 16000615.
  4. Shi Y, Chichung Lie D, Taupin P, Nakashima K, Ray J, Yu RT, Gage FH, Evans RM (Jan 2004). "Expression and function of orphan nuclear receptor TLX in adult neural stem cells". Nature. 427 (6969): 78–83. doi:10.1038/nature02211. PMID 14702088.
  5. Zhang CL, Zou Y, He W, Gage FH, Evans RM (Feb 2008). "A role for adult TLX-positive neural stem cells in learning and behaviour". Nature. 451 (7181): 1004–7. doi:10.1038/nature06562. PMID 18235445.
  6. Liu HK, Belz T, Bock D, Takacs A, Wu H, Lichter P, Chai M, Schütz G (Sep 2008). "The nuclear receptor tailless is required for neurogenesis in the adult subventricular zone". Genes & Development. 22 (18): 2473–8. doi:10.1101/gad.479308. PMC 2546695. PMID 18794344.

Further reading

External links