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==Overview==
==Overview==


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==Complications==
==Complications==
*The [[throat]] could become blocked, which can block the airways.
 
*Increased pressure may develop in the [[brain]], leading to changed levels of [[consciousness]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], or vision changes.
Complications that can develop as a result of superior vena cava syndrome are, the following:
*Airway obstruction
*Laryngeal edema
*Cerebral edema
*Decreased cardiac output with hypotension
*Pulmonary embolism


==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==
*The outcome varies depending on the cause and the amount of blockage.
 
*SVCS caused by a [[tumor]] is a sign that the tumor has spread, and it indicates a poorer long-term outlook.
The prognosis of superior vena cava syndrome is good with treatment. Without treatment, superior vena cava syndrome will result in torpid clinical evolution associated with a 10- 20% mortality within 6 months. The presence of thoracic malignancies is associated with a particularly poor prognosis among patients with superior vena cava syndrome.
*[[Cancer]] patients diagnosed with SVCS do not die of the syndrome itself but rather from the extent of their underlying disease.
 
*SVCS is usually a sign of locally advanced [[bronchogenic carcinoma]]. Survival depends on the status of the patient’s disease. When small cell [[bronchogenic carcinoma]] is treated with [[chemotherapy]], the 24-month survival rate is 9% in patients without SVCS and 3% in those with the syndrome. When the [[malignancy]] is treated with radiation therapy, 46% of patients who have non-small cell [[lung cancer]] experience relief of symptoms compared with 62% of patients who have small cell [[bronchogenic carcinoma]]. The 2-year survival rate of 5% is almost the same for both groups.
Prognosis is also associated with the acute or long onset of the disease. Acute onset, is relate with more severe symptoms because of absent collateral vein. Therefore there is no distention to accommodate an increased blood flow. However, chronic onset is related with less severe symptoms because there is a presence of collateral veins that compensate increased flow.  
*Most [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] patients with SVCS respond to appropriate [[chemotherapy]] or to combined modality regimens.
 


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Needs content]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Hematology]]
[[Category:Hematology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]

Revision as of 17:06, 13 January 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]

Overview

If left untreated, patients with superior vena cava syndrome may progress to develop a complete obstruction and a decreased cardiac output with hypotension, leading to heart failure and death. Common complications of superior vena cava syndrome include airway obstruction, increased ICP, laryngeal edema and cerebral edema. The prognosis will vary depending on the cause of the syndrome, and the amount of blockage that has already occurred. Prognosis is generally poor, and the survival rate of patients with SVCS is approximately 10-20% at 6 months.

Complications

Complications that can develop as a result of superior vena cava syndrome are, the following:

  • Airway obstruction
  • Laryngeal edema
  • Cerebral edema
  • Decreased cardiac output with hypotension
  • Pulmonary embolism

Prognosis

The prognosis of superior vena cava syndrome is good with treatment. Without treatment, superior vena cava syndrome will result in torpid clinical evolution associated with a 10- 20% mortality within 6 months. The presence of thoracic malignancies is associated with a particularly poor prognosis among patients with superior vena cava syndrome.

Prognosis is also associated with the acute or long onset of the disease. Acute onset, is relate with more severe symptoms because of absent collateral vein. Therefore there is no distention to accommodate an increased blood flow. However, chronic onset is related with less severe symptoms because there is a presence of collateral veins that compensate increased flow.


References

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