Sudden infant death syndrome diagnostic study of choice
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
There is no single diagnostic test for the diagnosis of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). SIDS is mostly diagnosed with the process of elimination of the other possible causes of the death in the infant.
Diagnostic Study of Choice
Study of choice
- The big issue with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is that there is no single diagnostic test for the diagnosis of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).[1]
- SIDS is mostly diagnosed with the process of elimination of the other possible causes of the death in the infant.
- Investigation of SIDS include the following:[2][3]
- An autopsy
- Scene investigation and circumstances of the death
- Exploration of the medical history of the infant and family
Apparent Life-Threatening Events (ALTEs) may be helpful in evaluating for SIDS:[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]
- ALTEs can be found approximately in 1 of 400 infants
- ALTEs incules apneic episodes along with changes in the following:
- Skin colour changes which include:
- Muscle tone either increased or decreased
- Choking if suspected, evaluate by doing:
- Barium studies
- Observation
- Gasping
- Anemia if suspected, evaluate by doing complete blood count (CBC)
- Apnea if suspected, evaluate by doing:
- Continuous pulse oximetry
- Sleep study
- Long QT syndrome if suspected, evaluate by doing electrocardiography (ECG)
- If suspected any upper respiratory problems like bronchiolitis, pertussis, or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) do the following to confirm:
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) if suspected, evaluate by doing:
- Barium studies
- Radioisotope scan
- Infection if suspected, evaluate by doing:
- Blood gas analysis (BGA)
- Blood lactate level
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- Chest x-ray
- Lumbar puncture (LP) with cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF)
- Serum electrolytes
- Urinalysis
References
- ↑ Duncan JR, Byard RW (2018). "SIDS Sudden Infant and Early Childhood Death: The Past, the Present and the Future". PMID 30035964.
- ↑ Guffanti S, Grancini F, Scalfaro C, Podestà AF (2004). "[Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)]". Pediatr Med Chir. 26 (2): 96–104. PMID 15700732.
- ↑ Duncan JR, Byard RW (2018). "SIDS Sudden Infant and Early Childhood Death: The Past, the Present and the Future". PMID 30035958.
- ↑ Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Hof D, Peglow UP, Traweger-Ravanelli B, Kiechl S (2005). "Epidemiology of apparent life threatening events". Arch Dis Child. 90 (3): 297–300. doi:10.1136/adc.2004.049452. PMC 1720328. PMID 15723922.
- ↑ Gleeson M, Clancy RL, Cox AJ, Gulliver SA, Hall ST, Cooper DM (2004). "Mucosal immune responses to infections in infants with acute life threatening events classified as 'near-miss' sudden infant death syndrome". FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 42 (1): 105–18. doi:10.1016/j.femsim.2004.06.019. PMID 15325403.
- ↑ Esani N, Hodgman JE, Ehsani N, Hoppenbrouwers T (2008). "Apparent life-threatening events and sudden infant death syndrome: comparison of risk factors". J Pediatr. 152 (3): 365–70. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.07.054. PMID 18280841.
- ↑ Wasilewska J, Kaczmarski M (2009). "[Modifiable risk factors of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The current guidelines for reducing the risk of SIDS]". Wiad Lek. 62 (1): 30–6. PMID 19817255.
- ↑ Poets CF (2000). "[Home monitoring of infants at risk of sudden infant death: suggestions for reconsideration of current practice]". Wien Klin Wochenschr. 112 (5): 198–203. PMID 10763531.
- ↑ DiMario, F. J. (2008). "Apparent Life-Threatening Events: So What Happens Next?". PEDIATRICS. 122 (1): 190–191. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-1242. ISSN 0031-4005.
- ↑ Kadivar M, Yaghmaie B, Allahverdi B, Shahbaznejad L, Razi N, Mosayebi Z (2013) Apparent life-threatening events in neonatal period: clinical manifestations and diagnostic challenges in a pediatric referral center. Iran J Pediatr 23 (4):458-66. PMID: 24427501