Subdural empyema: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox disease|
{{Infobox disease
  Name          = Subdural empyema |
| Name          = Subdural Empyema
  Image          = Subduralempyemaandskinabscess.png |
| Image          = Subduralempyemaandskinabscess.png  
  Caption        = An abscess that has let to an intracranial subdural empyema as seen on CT |
| Caption        = Subdural empyema with skin abscess as seen on CT
}}
}}
{{SI}}
'''For patient information, click [[Subdural empyema (patient information)|here]].'''
{{CMG}}


==Overview==
{{Subdural empyema}}
Subdural empyema is a form of [[empyema]] in the [[subdural space]].
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JS}}; {{AG}}


==Pathophysiology==
{{SK}} Circumscript meningitis; Pachymeningitis interna; Purulent pachymeningitis; Subdural abscess; SDE
Bacterial or occasionally fungal infection of the skull bones or air sinuses can spread to the subdural space, producing a subdural empyema. The underlying arachnoid and subarachnoid spaces are usually unaffected, but a large subdural empyema may produce a mass effect. Further, a thrombophlebitis may develop in the bridging veins that cross the subdural space, resulting in venous occlusion and infarction of the brain.  If diagnosis and treatment are prompt, complete recovery is usual.


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==[[Subdural empyema overview|Overview]]==
It usually occurs in infancy.<ref name="pmid18327428">{{Cite journal|author=Wu TJ, Chiu NC, Huang FY |title=Subdural empyema in center |journal=J Microbiol Immunol Infect |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=62–7 |year=2008 |month=February |pmid=18327428 |doi= |url=http://www.jmii.org/content/abstracts/v41n1p62.php}}</ref>


==Causes==
==[[Subdural empyema historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
It can be associated with [[sinusitis]].<ref name="pmid16777239">{{Cite journal|author=Quraishi H, Zevallos JP |title=Subdural empyema as a complication of sinusitis in the pediatric population |journal=Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. |volume=70 |issue=9 |pages=1581–6 |year=2006 |month=September |pmid=16777239 |doi=10.1016/j.ijporl.2006.04.007 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165-5876(06)00135-2}}</ref>
 
==[[Subdural empyema classification|Classification]]==
 
==[[Subdural empyema pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
 
==[[Subdural empyema causes|Causes]]==
 
==[[Subdural empyema differential diagnosis|Differentiating Subdural Empyema from other diseases]]==
 
==[[Subdural empyema epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
 
==[[Subdural empyema risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
 
==[[Subdural empyema natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis]]==


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
===Symptoms===
Symptoms include those referable to the source of the infection. In addition, most patients are [[febrile]], with [[headache]] and [[neck stiffness]], and, if untreated, may develop focal neurologic signs, [[lethargy]], and [[coma]].


===Laboratory Findings===
[[Subdural empyema history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Subdural empyema physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Subdural empyema laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Subdural empyema lumbar puncture|Lumbar Puncture]] | [[Subdural empyema x ray|X Ray]] | [[Subdural empyema CT|CT]] | [[Subdural empyema MRI|MRI]] | [[Subdural empyema other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
The CSF profile is similar to that seen in [[brain abscesses]], because both are parameningeal infectious processes.


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
With treatment, including surgical drainage, resolution of the empyema occurs from the dural side, and, if it is complete, a thickened dura may be the only residual finding.


==References==
[[Subdural empyema medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Subdural empyema surgery|Surgery]] | [[Subdural empyema prevention|Prevention]] | [[Subdural empyema cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Subdural empyema future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
{{Reflist|2}}
 
==Case Studies==
 
[[Subdural empyema case study one|Case #1]]


[[Category:Cerebrovascular diseases]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]


[[it:Empiema subdurale]]
[[Category:Neurology]]

Latest revision as of 18:53, 18 September 2017

Subdural Empyema
Classification and external resources
Subdural empyema with skin abscess as seen on CT

For patient information, click here.

Empyema Main Page

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Overview

Historical Perspective

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Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Subdural empyema from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Lumbar Puncture

X Ray

CT

MRI

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]; Anthony Gallo, B.S. [3]

Synonyms and keywords: Circumscript meningitis; Pachymeningitis interna; Purulent pachymeningitis; Subdural abscess; SDE

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Subdural Empyema from other diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Lumbar Puncture | X Ray | CT | MRI | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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