Subacute myelo-optic neuropathy: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | |||
'''Subacute myelo-optic neuropathy''' ('''SMON''') is a [[Nervous system|nervous]] [[disease]] (''[[neuropathy]]'') that affects [[peripheral nerve]]s and the [[spinal cord]] (''myelo-'') as well as the [[eye]]s (''-optic''), leading to a [[disability|disabling]] [[paralysis]], [[blindness]] and even death. An epidemic of SMON, blamed on the [[neurotoxic]] effect of large doses of [[clioquinol]], occurred in [[Japan]] during the [[1960s]], affecting over 10,000 people. | '''Subacute myelo-optic neuropathy''' ('''SMON''') is a [[Nervous system|nervous]] [[disease]] (''[[neuropathy]]'') that affects [[peripheral nerve]]s and the [[spinal cord]] (''myelo-'') as well as the [[eye]]s (''-optic''), leading to a [[disability|disabling]] [[paralysis]], [[blindness]] and even death. An epidemic of SMON, blamed on the [[neurotoxic]] effect of large doses of [[clioquinol]], occurred in [[Japan]] during the [[1960s]], affecting over 10,000 people. | ||
'''Subacute myelo-optic neuropathy''' ('''SMON''') is an [[iatrogenic]] disease of the [[nervous system]]<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=15152488 | volume=43 | issue=11 | title=[SMON--a model of the iatrogenic disease] |date=November 2003 | author=Takasu T | journal=Rinsho Shinkeigaku | pages=866–9}}</ref> leading to a [[disability|disabling]] [[paralysis]], [[blindness]] and even death. Its defining manifestation was as an epidemic in [[Japan]] during the 1960s, affecting an estimated 30,000 people.<ref name="newint.org">http://www.newint.org/issue095/devils.htm</ref> On August 3, 1978, the [[Tokyo District Court]] ruled that the cause of SMON is [[Clioquinol]]. Its manufacturer, [[Novartis#Ciba-Geigy|Ciba-Geigy]], has publicly stated that "Medical products manufactured and sold by us have been responsible for the occurrence of [SMON] in Japan, we extend our apologies."<ref name="newint.org"/> | |||
SMON was first observed and diagnosed in Sweden 1966, by the pediatrician and neurologist Olle Hansson.<ref name="Inside Ciba-Geigy">Hansson, Olle: Inside Ciba-Geigy, 1989</ref> Clioquinol was marketed as a prophylaxis to tourist diarrhoea. Dr. Olle Hansson was in the front line, fighting for a ban of clioquinol. Doctors in many countries boycotted Ciba-Geigy for many years. Not until 1985 was the pharmaceutical withdrawn. Dr Hansson died a few months later. The day of his death, May 23, is observed as the Anti-Hazardous Drug Day in several parts of the world. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
==Further reading== | |||
*Reisaku Kono, "Relation between Subacute Myelo-Optic Neuropathy (S.M.O.N.) and Clioquinol: Nationwide Survey", ''[[The Lancet]]'', V301, I7796, January 27, 1973, pp. 171–173 | |||
*Reisaku Kono, "The S.M.O.N. Virus Theory", ''[[The Lancet]]'', V306, I7930, August 23, 1975, pp. 370–371 | |||
*Reisaku Kono, Yoshigoro Kuroiwa, "Subacute Myelo-Optic Neuropathy is not a special form of multiple sclerosis", ''[[The Lancet]]'', V320, I8292, July 31, 1982, p. 267 | |||
*Hansson, Olle: "Inside Ciba-Geigy". IOCU 1989. ISBN 967-9973-26-3. | |||
{{Authority control}} | |||
[[Category:Neurological disorders]] | |||
{{nervoussystem-disease-stub}} | |||
*[http://www.newint.org/issue095/devils.htm Article about SMON published in the New Internationalist] | *[http://www.newint.org/issue095/devils.htm Article about SMON published in the New Internationalist] | ||
Revision as of 15:41, 4 January 2016
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jyostna Chouturi, M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Subacute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON) is a nervous disease (neuropathy) that affects peripheral nerves and the spinal cord (myelo-) as well as the eyes (-optic), leading to a disabling paralysis, blindness and even death. An epidemic of SMON, blamed on the neurotoxic effect of large doses of clioquinol, occurred in Japan during the 1960s, affecting over 10,000 people.
Subacute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON) is an iatrogenic disease of the nervous system[1] leading to a disabling paralysis, blindness and even death. Its defining manifestation was as an epidemic in Japan during the 1960s, affecting an estimated 30,000 people.[2] On August 3, 1978, the Tokyo District Court ruled that the cause of SMON is Clioquinol. Its manufacturer, Ciba-Geigy, has publicly stated that "Medical products manufactured and sold by us have been responsible for the occurrence of [SMON] in Japan, we extend our apologies."[2]
SMON was first observed and diagnosed in Sweden 1966, by the pediatrician and neurologist Olle Hansson.[3] Clioquinol was marketed as a prophylaxis to tourist diarrhoea. Dr. Olle Hansson was in the front line, fighting for a ban of clioquinol. Doctors in many countries boycotted Ciba-Geigy for many years. Not until 1985 was the pharmaceutical withdrawn. Dr Hansson died a few months later. The day of his death, May 23, is observed as the Anti-Hazardous Drug Day in several parts of the world.
References
Further reading
- Reisaku Kono, "Relation between Subacute Myelo-Optic Neuropathy (S.M.O.N.) and Clioquinol: Nationwide Survey", The Lancet, V301, I7796, January 27, 1973, pp. 171–173
- Reisaku Kono, "The S.M.O.N. Virus Theory", The Lancet, V306, I7930, August 23, 1975, pp. 370–371
- Reisaku Kono, Yoshigoro Kuroiwa, "Subacute Myelo-Optic Neuropathy is not a special form of multiple sclerosis", The Lancet, V320, I8292, July 31, 1982, p. 267
- Hansson, Olle: "Inside Ciba-Geigy". IOCU 1989. ISBN 967-9973-26-3.
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