Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung natural history, complications, and prognosis: Difference between revisions

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* [[Horner's syndrome]]
* [[Horner's syndrome]]
:* Tumors in the top (apex) of the lung, known as [[Pancoast tumor]]s,<ref name="Jones">{{cite journal | last =Jones | first =DR | coauthors =Detterbeck FC | title =Pancoast tumors of the lung | journal =Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine | volume =4 | issue =4 | pages =191–197 | date =Jul 1998 | pmid =10813231 }}</ref> may invade the local part of the [[sympathetic nervous system]], leading to changed sweating patterns and eye muscle problems (a combination known as [[Horner's syndrome]]).
:* Tumors in the top (apex) of the lung, known as [[Pancoast tumor]]s,<ref name="Jones">{{cite journal | last =Jones | first =DR | coauthors =Detterbeck FC | title =Pancoast tumors of the lung | journal =Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine | volume =4 | issue =4 | pages =191–197 | date =Jul 1998 | pmid =10813231 }}</ref> may invade the local part of the [[sympathetic nervous system]], leading to changed sweating patterns and eye muscle problems (a combination known as [[Horner's syndrome]]).
==Prognosis==
* The prognosis of adenocarcinoma of the lung varies with the staging of tumor; Stage IA have the most favorable prognosis.
* The presence of [[metastasis]] is associated with a particularly poor prognosis.
'''Survival rate by stage'''<ref>Lung cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/lung/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics/?region=ab </ref>
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 300px" align=center
|valign=top|
|+
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 75px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Stage}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 75px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|5-year survival rate}}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |IA
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |49%
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |IB
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |45%
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |IIA
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |30%
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |IIB
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |31%
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |IIIA
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |14%
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |IIIB
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |5%
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |IV
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |1%
|}




Revision as of 20:20, 6 January 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shanshan Cen, M.D. [2]

Natural History

  • The majority of lung cancers present with advanced disease because the symptoms tend to occur later in the course of the disease.[1]
  • The patient experiences non-specific symptoms such as cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, chest pain, dysphonia, dysphagia, lack of appetite, weight loss, and fatigue from 3 weeks to 3 months before seeking medical attention.
  • While of duration of symptoms, the tumor cell may double 20 times.[1]
  • In more advanced disease, the tumor may spread to other organs such as the spinal cord, brain, and bone.
  • These patients may develop symptoms such as leg weakness, paresthesias, bladder dysfunction, seizures, hemiplegia, cranial nerve palsies, confusion , personality changes, skeletal pain, and pleuritic pain.[1]
  • Once the cancer spreads to the other organs, it is most likely fatal.

Complications

  • Lung cancer patients can experience trouble breathing especially when tumors grow and block the airways. Also, it is possible for fluid to build up in the lungs of the patients which makes it difficult for the lungs to fully expand when inhaling.
  • If the cancer grows in the airway, it may obstruct airflow, causing breathing difficulties. This can lead to accumulation of secretions behind the blockage, predisposing the patient to pneumonia.
  • Lung cancer can cause fluid to build up in the lungs which can cause breathing difficulties.
  • There are treatments available to help drain the excess fluid
  • In many cases, lung cancer will spread out to other parts of the body. Some of the more common places lung cancer metastasizes to are the bones, liver, brain, and adrenal glands.

Prognosis

  • The prognosis of adenocarcinoma of the lung varies with the staging of tumor; Stage IA have the most favorable prognosis.
  • The presence of metastasis is associated with a particularly poor prognosis.

Survival rate by stage[4]

Stage 5-year survival rate
IA 49%
IB 45%
IIA 30%
IIB 31%
IIIA 14%
IIIB 5%
IV 1%


References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Leary, A (2012). Lung cancer a multidisciplinary approach. Chichester, West Sussex, UK Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781405180757.
  2. ↑ Lung cancer complications. Mayo Clinic 2015. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lung-cancer/basics/complications/con-20025531 Accessed on December 20, 2015
  3. ↑ Jones, DR (Jul 1998). "Pancoast tumors of the lung". Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 4 (4): 191–197. PMID 10813231. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Lung cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/lung/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics/?region=ab


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