Spontaneous coronary artery dissection epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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SCAD has a strong predilection for young women with no or minimal traditional atherosclerotic risk factors. Studies indicate that SCAD accounts for approximately 25% of women aged < 50 who present with [[Myocardial infarction|MI]].<ref name="pmid24726091">{{cite journal| author=Saw J, Aymong E, Mancini GB, Sedlak T, Starovoytov A, Ricci D| title=Nonatherosclerotic coronary artery disease in young women. | journal=Can J Cardiol | year= 2014 | volume= 30 | issue= 7 | pages= 814-9 | pmid=24726091 | doi=10.1016/j.cjca.2014.01.011 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24726091 }} </ref> | |||
===Race=== | ===Race=== | ||
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The [[left anterior descending artery]] (LAD) is the most commonly affected artery.<ref name="pmid19046896">{{cite journal |author=Vanzetto G, Berger-Coz E, Barone-Rochette G, ''et al.'' |title=Prevalence, therapeutic management and medium-term prognosis of spontaneous coronary artery dissection: results from a database of 11,605 patients |journal=[[European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery]] |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=250–4 |year=2009 |month=February |pmid=19046896 |doi=10.1016/j.ejcts.2008.10.023 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18830003">{{cite journal |author=Kamran M, Guptan A, Bogal M|title=Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: case series and review |journal=J Invasive Cardiol |volume=20 |issue=10 |pages=553–9 |year=2008 |month=October |pmid=18830003|doi= |url=http://jic.epubxpress.com/link/jic/2008/oct/90?s=0}}</ref> Although multivessel SCAD has been reported, single vessel SCAD is much more common. In women [[LAD]] is frequently involved<ref name="pmid19046896">{{cite journal |author=Vanzetto G, Berger-Coz E, Barone-Rochette G, ''et al.'' |title=Prevalence, therapeutic management and medium-term prognosis of spontaneous coronary artery dissection: results from a database of 11,605 patients |journal=[[European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery]] |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=250–4 |year=2009 |month=February |pmid=19046896 |doi=10.1016/j.ejcts.2008.10.023 |url=}}</ref> while in men [[right coronary artery]] is involved more often. Men tend to present at a slightly later age and also with evidence of CAD risk factors. | |||
Observational studies have reported that SCAD is common among young women during their peripartum period<ref name="pmid19708230">{{cite journal |author=Fontanelli A, Olivari Z, La Vecchia L, ''et al.'' |title=Spontaneous dissections of coronary arteries and acute coronary syndromes: rationale and design of the DISCOVERY, a multicenter prospective registry with a case-control group |journal=[[Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine (Hagerstown, Md.)]] |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=94–9 |year=2009 |month=January |pmid=19708230 |doi= |url=}}</ref> or in association with use of oral contraceptives. About 80% of SCAD cases reported so far have occurred in young women, especially those taking [[birth control|oral contraceptives]] [[OCP|(OCP]]s) or those in the peripartum period.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Narasimhan, S|title=Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD)|journal=IJTCVS |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=189-91 |year=2004 |pmid= |doi= 10.1007/s12055-004-0084-x|url=http://medind.nic.in/ibq/t04/i4/ibqt04i4p189.pdf}}</ref><ref name="pmid8673763">{{cite journal |author=Zampieri P, Aggio S, Roncon L, ''et al.''|title=Follow up after spontaneous coronary artery dissection: a report of five cases |journal=[[Heart (British Cardiac Society)]] |volume=75 |issue=2|pages=206–9 |year=1996 |month=February |pmid=8673763 |pmc=484263 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10700066">{{cite journal |author=Cohen DE, Strimike CL|title=A case of multiple spontaneous coronary artery dissections |journal=[[Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions]] |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=318–20 |year=2000 |month=March |pmid=10700066 |doi= |url=}}</ref> Possible mechanisms underlying increased prevalence of SCAD in this population include: changes in the arterial wall media due to increasing hormone levels, shear stress during labor, fragmentation of reticulin fibers, loosening of ground substance, and hypertrophy of smooth muscle.<ref name="pmid19127318">{{cite journal |author=Van den Branden BJ, Bruggeling WA, Corbeij HM, Dunselman PH |title=Spontaneous coronary artery dissection in the postpartum period |journal=Neth Heart J |volume=16 |issue=12 |pages=412–4 |year=2008|month=December |pmid=19127318 |pmc=2612109 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | Observational studies have reported that SCAD is common among young women during their peripartum period<ref name="pmid19708230">{{cite journal |author=Fontanelli A, Olivari Z, La Vecchia L, ''et al.'' |title=Spontaneous dissections of coronary arteries and acute coronary syndromes: rationale and design of the DISCOVERY, a multicenter prospective registry with a case-control group |journal=[[Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine (Hagerstown, Md.)]] |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=94–9 |year=2009 |month=January |pmid=19708230 |doi= |url=}}</ref> or in association with use of oral contraceptives. About 80% of SCAD cases reported so far have occurred in young women, especially those taking [[birth control|oral contraceptives]] [[OCP|(OCP]]s) or those in the peripartum period.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Narasimhan, S|title=Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD)|journal=IJTCVS |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=189-91 |year=2004 |pmid= |doi= 10.1007/s12055-004-0084-x|url=http://medind.nic.in/ibq/t04/i4/ibqt04i4p189.pdf}}</ref><ref name="pmid8673763">{{cite journal |author=Zampieri P, Aggio S, Roncon L, ''et al.''|title=Follow up after spontaneous coronary artery dissection: a report of five cases |journal=[[Heart (British Cardiac Society)]] |volume=75 |issue=2|pages=206–9 |year=1996 |month=February |pmid=8673763 |pmc=484263 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10700066">{{cite journal |author=Cohen DE, Strimike CL|title=A case of multiple spontaneous coronary artery dissections |journal=[[Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions]] |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=318–20 |year=2000 |month=March |pmid=10700066 |doi= |url=}}</ref> Possible mechanisms underlying increased prevalence of SCAD in this population include: changes in the arterial wall media due to increasing hormone levels, shear stress during labor, fragmentation of reticulin fibers, loosening of ground substance, and hypertrophy of smooth muscle.<ref name="pmid19127318">{{cite journal |author=Van den Branden BJ, Bruggeling WA, Corbeij HM, Dunselman PH |title=Spontaneous coronary artery dissection in the postpartum period |journal=Neth Heart J |volume=16 |issue=12 |pages=412–4 |year=2008|month=December |pmid=19127318 |pmc=2612109 |doi= |url=}}</ref> |
Revision as of 21:55, 1 December 2017
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection Microchapters |
Differentiating Spontaneous coronary artery dissection from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
Treatment |
Case Studies |
Type 1 Type 2A Type 2B Type 3 |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nate Michalak, B.A.
Synonyms and keywords: SCAD
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
The true prevalence of spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) remains unknown and is estimated at 100 to 1,100 per 100,000 persons (0.1 to 1.1%) based on angiographic registries.[1]
Incidence
The incidence of SCAD is approximately 60 to 270 per 100,000 persons (0.06 to 0.27%).[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
In the United States, there are approximately 800 new cases of SCAD occur every year.[10]
Case Fatality Rate
Age
Gender
SCAD has a strong predilection for young women with no or minimal traditional atherosclerotic risk factors. Studies indicate that SCAD accounts for approximately 25% of women aged < 50 who present with MI.[11]
Race
The left anterior descending artery (LAD) is the most commonly affected artery.[12][13] Although multivessel SCAD has been reported, single vessel SCAD is much more common. In women LAD is frequently involved[12] while in men right coronary artery is involved more often. Men tend to present at a slightly later age and also with evidence of CAD risk factors.
Observational studies have reported that SCAD is common among young women during their peripartum period[14] or in association with use of oral contraceptives. About 80% of SCAD cases reported so far have occurred in young women, especially those taking oral contraceptives (OCPs) or those in the peripartum period.[15][8][16] Possible mechanisms underlying increased prevalence of SCAD in this population include: changes in the arterial wall media due to increasing hormone levels, shear stress during labor, fragmentation of reticulin fibers, loosening of ground substance, and hypertrophy of smooth muscle.[17]
References
- ↑ Adams, Heath; Paratz, Elizabeth; Somaratne, Jithendra; Layland, Jamie; Burns, Andrew; Palmer, Sonny; MacIsaac, Andrew; Whitbourn, Robert (2017). "Different patients, different outcomes: A case-control study of spontaneous coronary artery dissection versus acute coronary syndrome". Journal of Interventional Cardiology. doi:10.1111/joic.12447. ISSN 0896-4327.
- ↑ Vanzetto, Gerald; Berger-Coz, Estelle; Barone-Rochette, Gilles; Chavanon, Olivier; Bouvaist, Helene; Hacini, Rachid; Blin, Dominique; Machecourt, Jacques (2009). "Prevalence, therapeutic management and medium-term prognosis of spontaneous coronary artery dissection: results from a database of 11,605 patients". European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 35 (2): 250–254. doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2008.10.023. ISSN 1010-7940.
- ↑ Celik SK, Sagcan A, Altintig A, Yuksel M, Akin M, Kultursay H (2001). "Primary spontaneous coronary artery dissections in atherosclerotic patients. Report of nine cases with review of the pertinent literature". Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 20 (3): 573–6. PMID 11509281.
- ↑ Alfonso, Fernando; Paulo, Manuel; Lennie, Vera; Dutary, Jaime; Bernardo, Esther; Jiménez-Quevedo, Pilar; Gonzalo, Nieves; Escaned, Javier; Bañuelos, Camino; Pérez-Vizcayno, María J.; Hernández, Rosana; Macaya, Carlos (2012). "Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection". JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions. 5 (10): 1062–1070. doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2012.06.014. ISSN 1936-8798.
- ↑ Mortensen, K.H.; Thuesen, L.; Kristensen, I.B.; Christiansen, E.H. (2009). "Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: A Western Denmark Heart Registry Study". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions. 74 (5): 710–717. doi:10.1002/ccd.22115. ISSN 1522-1946.
- ↑ Pasalodos Pita J, Vazquez Gonzalez N, Perez Alvarez L, Vazquez Rodriguez JM, Castro Beiras A (1994). "Spontaneous coronary artery dissection". Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn. 32 (1): 27–32. PMID 8039214.
- ↑ Jorgensen MB, Aharonian V, Mansukhani P, Mahrer PR (1994). "Spontaneous coronary dissection: a cluster of cases with this rare finding". Am. Heart J. 127 (5): 1382–7. PMID 8172069.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Zampieri P, Aggio S, Roncon L, Rinuncini M, Canova C, Zanazzi G, Fiorencis R, Zonzin P (1996). "Follow up after spontaneous coronary artery dissection: a report of five cases". Heart. 75 (2): 206–9. PMC 484263. PMID 8673763.
- ↑ Hering D, Piper C, Hohmann C, Schultheiss HP, Horstkotte D (1998). "[Prospective study of the incidence, pathogenesis and therapy of spontaneous, by coronary angiography diagnosed coronary artery dissection]". Z Kardiol (in German). 87 (12): 961–70. PMID 10025069.
- ↑ Tweet, MS.; Hayes, SN.; Pitta, SR.; Simari, RD.; Lerman, A.; Lennon, RJ.; Gersh, BJ.; Khambatta, S.; Best, PJ. (2012). "Clinical features, management, and prognosis of spontaneous coronary artery dissection". Circulation. 126 (5): 579–88. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.105718. PMID 22800851. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Saw J, Aymong E, Mancini GB, Sedlak T, Starovoytov A, Ricci D (2014). "Nonatherosclerotic coronary artery disease in young women". Can J Cardiol. 30 (7): 814–9. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2014.01.011. PMID 24726091.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Vanzetto G, Berger-Coz E, Barone-Rochette G; et al. (2009). "Prevalence, therapeutic management and medium-term prognosis of spontaneous coronary artery dissection: results from a database of 11,605 patients". European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery. 35 (2): 250–4. doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2008.10.023. PMID 19046896. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Kamran M, Guptan A, Bogal M (2008). "Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: case series and review". J Invasive Cardiol. 20 (10): 553–9. PMID 18830003. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Fontanelli A, Olivari Z, La Vecchia L; et al. (2009). "Spontaneous dissections of coronary arteries and acute coronary syndromes: rationale and design of the DISCOVERY, a multicenter prospective registry with a case-control group". Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine (Hagerstown, Md.). 10 (1): 94–9. PMID 19708230. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Narasimhan, S (2004). "Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD)" (PDF). IJTCVS. 20 (4): 189–91. doi:10.1007/s12055-004-0084-x.
- ↑ Cohen DE, Strimike CL (2000). "A case of multiple spontaneous coronary artery dissections". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 49 (3): 318–20. PMID 10700066. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Van den Branden BJ, Bruggeling WA, Corbeij HM, Dunselman PH (2008). "Spontaneous coronary artery dissection in the postpartum period". Neth Heart J. 16 (12): 412–4. PMC 2612109. PMID 19127318. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help)